Ataxia, and Fatigue

Familial cortical myoclonus is a rare, genetic movement disorder characterized by autosomal dominant, adult-onset, slowly progressive, multifocal, cortical myoclonus. Patients present somatosensory-evoked, brief, jerky, involuntary movements in the face, arms and legs, associated in most cases with sustained, multiple, sudden falls without loss of consciousness. Seizures or other neurological deficits, aside from mild cerebellar ataxia late in the course of the illness, are absent.

• Seizures
• Ataxia
• Fatigue
• Myoclonus
• Falls

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Essential tremor may be the most common human movement disorder. The main feature of essential tremor is postural tremor of the arms, but the head, legs, trunk, voice, jaw, and facial muscles also may be involved. Aggravated by emotions, hunger, fatigue, and temperature extremes, the condition may cause a functional disability or even incapacitation. Autosomal dominant inheritance can be demonstrated in most families (summary by Higgins et al., 1997).Deng et al. (2007) provided a detailed review of the genetics of essential tremor. Genetic Heterogeneity of Essential TremorOther forms of hereditary essential tremor include ETM2 (OMIM ), mapped to chromosome 2p25-p22; ETM3 (OMIM ), mapped to chromosome 6p23; ETM4 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the FUS gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 16p11; and ETM5 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the TENM4 gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 11q14.

TREMOR, HEREDITARY ESSENTIAL, 1; ETM1 Is also known as fet1|tremor, familial essential, 1

• Hearing impairment
• Ataxia
• Cognitive impairment
• Dysarthria
• Fever

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Atypical juvenile parkinsonism (AJP) is a complex form of young-onset Parkinson disease (YOPD; see this term) that manifests with pyramidal signs, eye movement abnormalities, psychiatric manifestations (depression, anxiety, drug-induced psychosis, and impulse control disorders), intellectual disability, and other neurological symptoms (such as ataxia and epilepsy) along with classical parkinsonian symptoms.

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Scoliosis
• Fatigue
• Dystonia

SOURCES: ORPHANET MENDELIAN

PROGRESSIVE EXTERNAL OPHTHALMOPLEGIA WITH MITOCHONDRIAL DNA DELETIONS, AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT 5; PEOA5 Is also known as progressive external ophthalmoplegia, autosomal dominant 5

• Hearing impairment
• Ataxia
• Ptosis
• Dysarthria
• Fatigue

SOURCES: MESH OMIM MENDELIAN

Familial dilated cardiomyopathy with conduction defect due to LMNA mutation is a rare familial dilated cardiomyopathy characterized by left ventricular enlargement and/or reduced systolic function preceded or accompanied by significant conduction system disease and/or arrhythmias including bradyarrhythmias, supraventricular or ventricular arrhythmias. Disease onset is usually in early to mid-adulthood. Sudden cardiac death may occur and may be the presenting symptom. In some cases, it is associated with skeletal myopathy and elevated serum creatine kinase.

FAMILIAL DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY WITH CONDUCTION DEFECT DUE TO LMNA MUTATION Is also known as cardiomyopathy, familial idiopathic|cardiomyopathy, idiopathic dilated|cardiomyopathy, dilated, with conduction defect 1|cdcd1|cardiomyopathy, congestive

• Ataxia
• Pain
• Fatigue
• Ventriculomegaly
• Cardiomyopathy

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

• Hearing impairment
• Ataxia
• Sensorineural hearing impairment
• Muscle weakness
• Ptosis

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

X-linked sideroblastic anemia is a constitutional microcytic, hypochromic anemia of varying severity that is clinically characterized by manifestations of anemia and iron overload and that may respond to treatment with pyridoxine and folic acid.

X-LINKED SIDEROBLASTIC ANEMIA Is also known as anemia, hereditary sideroblastic|xlsa|anemia, hypochromic|anemia, sideroblastic, x-linked|anh1|hereditary iron-loading anemia

• Ataxia
• Muscle weakness
• Anemia
• Hepatomegaly
• Fatigue

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Pancreatic cancer shows among the highest mortality rates of any cancer, with a 5-year relative survival rate of less than 5%. By the time of initial diagnosis, metastatic disease is commonly present. Established risk factors include a family history of pancreatic cancer, a medical history of diabetes type 2, and cigarette smoking (summary by Amundadottir et al., 2009). Genetic Heterogeneity of Pancreatic CancerSomatic mutations in pancreatic cancer occur in the KRAS (OMIM ), CDKN2A (OMIM ), MADH4 (OMIM ), TP53 (OMIM ), ARMET (OMIM ), STK11 (OMIM ), ACVR1B (OMIM ), and RBBP8 (OMIM ) genes.Susceptibility loci for pancreatic cancer include PNCA1 (OMIM ), related to mutation in the PALLD gene on chromosome 4q32 (OMIM ); PNCA2 (OMIM ), related to mutation in the BRCA2 gene on chromosome 13q12 (OMIM ); PNCA3 (OMIM ), related to mutation in the PALB2 gene on chromosome 16p12 (OMIM ); and PNCA4 (OMIM ), related to mutation in the BRCA1 gene on chromosome 17q21 (OMIM ). Occurrence of Pancreatic Cancer in Other DisordersSeveral familial cancer syndromes increase the risk of pancreatic cancer. The best characterized include hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer syndrome (HNPCC; see {120435}); hereditary breast-ovarian cancer syndrome due to mutations in BRCA2; Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (OMIM ); the melanoma-pancreatic cancer syndrome (OMIM ), caused by mutations in CDKN2A (OMIM ); von Hippel-Lindau syndrome (OMIM ), ataxia-telangiectasia (OMIM ) (Swift et al., 1976), and juvenile polyposis syndrome (OMIM ).Patients with hereditary pancreatitis (OMIM ) resulting from gain-of-function mutations in the protease serine-1 gene (PRSS1 ) have a lifetime pancreatic cancer risk ratio of 57 and a cumulative incidence, to age 70 years, of 40% (Lowenfels et al., 1997).

PANCREATIC CANCER Is also known as pancreatic carcinoma|pancreatic acinar carcinoma

• Ataxia
• Neoplasm
• Pain
• Fatigue
• Diabetes mellitus

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Paroxysmal non-kinesigenic dyskinesia (PNKD) is a form of paroxysmal dyskinesia (see this term), characterized by attacks of dystonic or choreathetotic movements precipitated by stress, fatigue, coffee or alcohol intake or menstruation.

PAROXYSMAL NON-KINESIGENIC DYSKINESIA Is also known as paroxysmal dystonic choreoathetosis|choreoathetosis, nonkinesigenic|pdc|dystonia 8|paroxystic non-kinesigenic choreoathetosis|dyt8|choreoathetosis, familial paroxysmal|mount-reback syndrome|fpd1

• Seizures
• Ataxia
• Spasticity
• Dysarthria
• Fatigue

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

• Seizures
• Generalized hypotonia
• Ataxia
• Nystagmus
• Motor delay

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN