Ataxia, and Dry skin

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 34 (SCA34) is a subtype of autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia type I (ADCA type I; see this term), characterized by papulosquamous, ichthyosiform plaques on the limbs appearing shortly after birth and later manifestations including progressive ataxia, dysarthria, nystagmus and decreased reflexes.

SPINOCEREBELLAR ATAXIA TYPE 34 Is also known as erythrokeratodermia with ataxia|sca34|spinocerebellar ataxia and erythrokeratodermia

• Ataxia
• Nystagmus
• Strabismus
• Spasticity
• Hyperreflexia

SOURCES: OMIM MESH ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Encephalopathy due to hydroxykynureninuria is characterised by psychomotor retardation and nonprogressive encephalopathy associated with urinary excretion of large amounts of kynurenine, 3-hydroxykynurenine, and xanthurenic acid. It has been described in less than 30 patients. Other manifestations may include muscular hypertonia, headaches and stereotyped gestures. This disorder is transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait. It is caused by a defect in kynureninase, an enzyme of the tryptophane catabolic pathway.

HYDROXYKYNURENINURIA Is also known as kynureninase deficiency, partial|kynureninase deficiency|xanthurenic aciduria

• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Hearing impairment
• Ataxia
• Spasticity

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MESH MENDELIAN

The CDG (Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation) syndromes are a group of autosomal recessive disorders affecting glycoprotein synthesis. CDG syndrome type If is characterised by psychomotor delay, seizures, failure to thrive, and cutaneous and ocular anomalies.

MPDU1-CDG Is also known as congenital disorder of glycosylation type 1f|cdg syndrome type if|cdg-if|cdgif|cdg1f|carbohydrate deficient glycoprotein syndrome type if|congenital disorder of glycosylation type if|cdg if

• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Microcephaly
• Ataxia

SOURCES: OMIM MESH ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Xeroderma pigmentosum/Cockayne syndrome complex (XP/CS complex) is characterized by the cutaneous features of xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) (see this term) together with the systemic and neurological features of Cockayne syndrome (CS; see this term).

XERODERMA PIGMENTOSUM-COCKAYNE SYNDROME COMPLEX Is also known as xp/cs complex

• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Hearing impairment
• Microcephaly

SOURCES: ORPHANET MENDELIAN

The overlapping phenotypes of neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy (NALD) and infantile Refsum disease (IRD) represent the milder manifestations of the Zellweger syndrome spectrum (ZSS) of peroxisome biogenesis disorders. The clinical course of patients with the NALD and IRD presentation is variable and may include developmental delay, hypotonia, liver dysfunction, sensorineural hearing loss, retinal dystrophy, and visual impairment. Children with the NALD presentation may reach their teens, and those with the IRD presentation may reach adulthood (summary by Waterham and Ebberink, 2012).For a complete phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of PBD(NALD/IRD), see {601539}.Individuals with mutations in the PEX12 gene have cells of complementation group 3 (CG3). For information on the history of PBD complementation groups, see {214100}.

• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Hearing impairment
• Ataxia

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

XFE PROGEROID SYNDROME; XFEPS Is also known as xpf-ercc1 progeroid syndrome

• Hearing impairment
• Microcephaly
• Scoliosis
• Ataxia
• Neoplasm

SOURCES: MESH OMIM MENDELIAN

Refsum disease (RD) is a very rare, clinically variable, multisystemic metabolic disease, characterized by anosmia, early-onset retinitis pigmentosa and possible neurological manifestations, including neuropathy, and cerebellar ataxia, deafness, ichthyosis, skeletal abnormalities, and cardiac arrhythmia. It is characterized biochemically by accumulation of phytanic acid in plasma and tissues.

REFSUM DISEASE Is also known as hmsn 4|phytanic-coa hydroxylase deficiency|heredopathia atactica polyneuritiformis|classic refsum disease|hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy type 4|adult refsum disease

• Ataxia
• Nystagmus
• Sensorineural hearing impairment
• Muscular hypotonia
• Cataract

SOURCES: ORPHANET MENDELIAN

A rare, genetic, primary immunodeficiency disorder characterized by increased radiosensitivity(R), mild immunodeficiency (ID), dysmorphic features (D), and learning difficulties (LE).

RIDDLE SYNDROME Is also known as rnf168 deficiency|radiosensitivity-immunodeficiency-dysmorphic features-learning difficulties syndrome|radiosensitivity, immunodeficiency, dysmorphic features, and learning difficulties

• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Microcephaly
• Ataxia
• Neoplasm

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MESH MENDELIAN

Dyskeratosis congenita is an inherited bone marrow failure syndrome classically characterized by the triad of mucosal leukoplakia, nail dysplasia, and abnormal skin pigmentation. Affected individuals have an increased risk of aplastic anemia and malignancy. Less common features include epiphora, premature gray hair, microcephaly, developmental delay, and pulmonary fibrosis, among others. The phenotype is highly variable. All affected individuals have shortened telomeres due to a defect in telomere maintenance (summary by Savage et al., 2008).For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of dyskeratosis congenita, see DCKA1 (OMIM ).

• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Hearing impairment
• Microcephaly
• Ataxia

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

• Short stature
• Ataxia
• Failure to thrive
• Visual impairment
• Hepatomegaly

SOURCES: MESH ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN