Ataxia, and Cerebral calcification

Low match SPINOCEREBELLAR ATAXIA TYPE 20

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 20 (SCA20) is a very rare subtype of type I autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia (ADCA type I; see this term). It is characterized by cerebellar dysarthria as the initial typical manifestation.

SPINOCEREBELLAR ATAXIA TYPE 20 Is also known as sca20

• Ataxia
• Hyperreflexia
• Dysarthria
• Cerebellar atrophy
• Gait ataxia

SOURCES: ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Low match ATYPICAL TERATOID RHABDOID TUMOR

Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor (ATRT) is a highly malignant central nervous system (CNS) rhabdoid tumor (RT; see this term) found almost exclusively in children.

ATYPICAL TERATOID RHABDOID TUMOR Is also known as atrt

• Seizures
• Ataxia
• Muscle weakness
• Macrocephaly
• Hydrocephalus

SOURCES: ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Low match CYSTIC LEUKOENCEPHALOPATHY WITHOUT MEGALENCEPHALY

Cystic leukoencephalopathy without megalencephaly is characterised by non-progressive leukoencephalopathy, bilateral cysts in the anterior part of the temporal lobe, cerebral white matter anomalies and severe psychomotor impairment. Less than 50 patients have been described in the literature so far. Inheritance is most likely autosomal recessive.

CYSTIC LEUKOENCEPHALOPATHY WITHOUT MEGALENCEPHALY Is also known as clwm

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Hearing impairment
• Microcephaly

SOURCES: MESH ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Low match DENTATORUBRAL-PALLIDOLUYSIAN ATROPHY; DRPLA

DENTATORUBRAL-PALLIDOLUYSIAN ATROPHY; DRPLA Is also known as hrs|ataxia, chorea, seizures, and dementia|haw river syndrome|nod|naito-oyanagi disease|myoclonic epilepsy with choreoathetosis

• Seizures
• Ataxia
• Nystagmus
• Cognitive impairment
• Dysarthria

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Low match LEUKOENCEPHALOPATHY, BRAIN CALCIFICATIONS, AND CYSTS; LCC

Leukoencephalopathy, brain calcifications, and cysts (LCC), also known as Labrune syndrome, is characterized by a constellation of features restricted to the central nervous system, including leukoencephalopathy, brain calcifications, and cysts, resulting in spasticity, dystonia, seizures, and cognitive decline (summary by Labrune et al., 1996).See also cerebroretinal microangiopathy with calcifications and cysts (CRMCC ), an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutation in the CTC1 gene (OMIM ) that shows phenotypic similarities to Labrune syndrome. CRMCC includes the neurologic findings of intracranial calcifications, leukodystrophy, and brain cysts, but also includes retinal vascular abnormalities and other systemic manifestations, such as osteopenia with poor bone healing, a high risk of gastrointestinal bleeding, hair, skin, and nail changes, and anemia and thrombocytopenia. Although Coats plus syndrome and Labrune syndrome were initially thought to be manifestations of the same disorder, namely CRMCC, molecular evidence has excluded mutations in the CTC1 gene in patients with Labrune syndrome, suggesting that the 2 disorders are not allelic (Anderson et al., 2012; Polvi et al., 2012).

LEUKOENCEPHALOPATHY, BRAIN CALCIFICATIONS, AND CYSTS; LCC Is also known as labrune syndrome

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Ataxia
• Spasticity

SOURCES: OMIM MESH MENDELIAN

Low match CEREBRORETINAL MICROANGIOPATHY WITH CALCIFICATIONS AND CYSTS 2; CRMCC2

CRMCC2 is an autosomal recessive multisystem disorder characterized by premature aging, pancytopenia, hypocellular bone marrow, osteopenia, liver fibrosis, and vascular telangiectasia resulting in gastrointestinal bleeding. Brain imaging shows intracranial calcifications and leukodystrophy, which may result in neurologic signs including spasticity, ataxia, or dystonia. Patients may also have retinal telangiectasia (summary by Simon et al., 2016).For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of CRMCC, see CRMCC1 (OMIM ).

• Ataxia
• Growth delay
• Spasticity
• Hypertension
• Intrauterine growth retardation

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Low match GRISCELLI SYNDROME TYPE 1

Griscelli syndrome type 1 (GS1) represents hypomelanosis with a primary neurologic deficit and without immunologic impairment or manifestations of hemophagocytic syndrome (Menasche et al., 2002). Griscelli syndrome with immune impairment, or Griscelli syndrome type 2 (OMIM ), is caused by mutation in the RAB27A gene (OMIM ). Griscelli syndrome type 3 (OMIM ), characterized by hypomelanosis with no immunologic or neurologic manifestations, can be caused by mutation in the melanophilin (MLPH ) or MYO5A genes.Griscelli syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder that results in pigmentary dilution of the skin and hair, the presence of large clumps of pigment in hair shafts, and an accumulation of melanosomes in melanocytes. While most patients also develop hemophagocytic syndrome, leading to death in the absence of bone marrow transplantation (Menasche et al., 2000), some show severe neurologic impairment early in life without apparent immune abnormalities. Bahadoran et al. (2003) characterized GS1 as comprising hypomelanosis and severe central nervous system dysfunction, corresponding to the 'dilute' phenotype in the mouse, and GS2 as comprising hypomelanosis and lymphohistiocytotic hemophagocytosis, corresponding to the 'ashen' phenotype in mouse.Anikster et al. (2002), Menasche et al. (2002), Huizing et al. (2002), and {3,2:Bahadoran et al. (2003, 2003)} suggested that Elejalde syndrome (OMIM ) in some patients and GS1 represent the same entity.

GRISCELLI SYNDROME TYPE 1 Is also known as partial albinism and primary neurologic disease without hemophagocytic syndrome|griscelli syndrome, cutaneous and neurologic type|griscelli-pruniÉras syndrome type 1|hypopigmentation-neurologic impairment syndrome|griscelli syndrome with neurologic impair

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Scoliosis

SOURCES: MESH OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Low match REVESZ SYNDROME

Revesz syndrome is a rare severe phenotypic variant of dyskeratosis congenita (DC; see this term) with an onset in early childhood, characterized by features of DC (e.g. skin hyper/hypopigmentation, nail dystrophy, oral leukoplakia, high risk of bone marrow failure (BMF) and cancer, developmental delay sparse and fine hair) in conjunction with bilateral exudative retinopathy, and intracranial calcifications.

REVESZ SYNDROME Is also known as exudative retinopathy with bone marrow failure|dkca5|dyskeratosis congenita, autosomal dominant 5|dyskeratosis congenita with bilateral exudative retinopathy|retinopathy-anemia-central nervous system anomalies syndrome|revesz-debuse syndrome

• Global developmental delay
• Ataxia
• Growth delay
• Nystagmus
• Anemia

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MESH MENDELIAN

Low match SULFITE OXIDASE DEFICIENCY, ISOLATED; ISOD

SULFITE OXIDASE DEFICIENCY, ISOLATED; ISOD Is also known as sulfocysteinuria

• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Ataxia
• Failure to thrive

SOURCES: ORPHANET MESH OMIM MENDELIAN

Low match EPILEPTIC ENCEPHALOPATHY, EARLY INFANTILE, 11; EIEE11

Early infantile epileptic encephalopathy-11 is an autosomal dominant seizure disorder characterized by infantile onset of refractory seizures with resultant delayed neurologic development and persistent neurologic abnormalities (Ogiwara et al., 2009).For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of EIEE, see EIEE1 (OMIM ).

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Microcephaly

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN