Ataxia, and Blindness

Medium match FAMILIAL OR SPORADIC HEMIPLEGIC MIGRAINE

Hemiplegic migraine (HM) is a rare variety of migraine with aura characterized by the presence of a motor weakness during the aura. Hemiplegic migraine has two main forms depending on the familial history: patients with at least one first- or second-degree relative who has aura including motor weakness have familial hemiplegic migraine (FHM); patients without such familial history have sporadic hemiplegic migraine (SHM).

• Seizures
• Ataxia
• Nystagmus
• Sensorineural hearing impairment
• Blindness

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Medium match LAFORA DISEASE

Lafora disease (LD) is a rare, inherited, severe, progressive myoclonic epilepsy characterized by myoclonus and/or generalized seizures, visual hallucinations (partial occipital seizures), and progressive neurological decline.

LAFORA DISEASE Is also known as epm2a|lafora disease|progressive myoclonus epilepsy type 2|lafora body disease|pme type 2|epilepsy, progressive myoclonic, 2a|melf|epm2|lbd|progressive myoclonic epilepsy type 2

• Seizures
• Ataxia
• Cognitive impairment
• Dysarthria
• Gait disturbance

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MESH MENDELIAN

Medium match EPILEPTIC ENCEPHALOPATHY, INFANTILE OR EARLY CHILDHOOD, 2; IECEE2

IECEE2 is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized in most patients by onset of seizures in infancy or childhood and associated with global developmental delay and variable intellectual disability. The seizure type and severity varies, and seizures may be intractable in some patients. Some patients are severely affected, unable to walk or speak, whereas others show some development. Additional neurologic features, including cortical blindness, dystonia, and spasticity, may occur. Mutations occur de novo (summary by Hamdan et al., 2017).For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of IECEE, see IECEE1 (OMIM ).

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Microcephaly

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Medium match JOUBERT SYNDROME 5; JBTS5

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Ataxia

SOURCES: OMIM MESH MENDELIAN

Medium match CEROID LIPOFUSCINOSIS, NEURONAL, 4A, AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE; CLN4A

Adult-onset neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, also known as Kufs disease, is a neurodegenerative disorder without retinal involvement. There are 2 overlapping phenotypes: type A, characterized by progressive myoclonic epilepsy, and type B, characterized by dementia and a variety of motor-system signs (summary by Arsov et al., 2011).In general, the neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCL; CLN) are a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by the intracellular accumulation of autofluorescent lipopigment storage material in different patterns ultrastructurally. The clinical course includes progressive dementia, seizures, and progressive visual failure (Mole et al., 2005). The ultrastructural pattern of lipopigment in CLN4 comprises a mixed pattern of 'granular,' 'curvilinear,' and 'fingerprint' profiles. (Mole et al., 2005).For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of CLN, see CLN1 (OMIM ).

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Ataxia
• Blindness
• Cerebellar atrophy

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Medium match CEROID LIPOFUSCINOSIS, NEURONAL, 2; CLN2

The neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCL; CLN) are a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by the intracellular accumulation of autofluorescent lipopigment storage material in different patterns ultrastructurally. The clinical course includes progressive dementia, seizures, and progressive visual failure. The lipopigment pattern seen most often in CLN2 consists of 'curvilinear' profiles (Mole et al., 2005).For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of CLN, see CLN1 (OMIM ).

CEROID LIPOFUSCINOSIS, NEURONAL, 2; CLN2 Is also known as jansky-bielschowsky disease|ceroid lipofuscinosis, neuronal, 2, variable age at onset

• Seizures
• Ataxia
• Delayed speech and language development
• Visual impairment
• Optic atrophy

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Medium match OPTIC ATROPHY 1; OPA1

Autosomal dominant optic atrophy is characterized by an insidious onset of visual impairment in early childhood with moderate to severe loss of visual acuity, temporal optic disc pallor, color vision deficits, and centrocecal scotoma of variable density (Votruba et al., 1998).Some patients with mutations in the OPA1 gene may also develop extraocular neurologic features, such as deafness, progressive external ophthalmoplegia, muscle cramps, hyperreflexia, and ataxia; see {125250}. There appears to be a wide range of intermediate phenotypes (Yu-Wai-Man et al., 2010).Yu-Wai-Man et al. (2009) provided a detailed review of autosomal dominant optic atrophy and Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON ), with emphasis on the selective vulnerability of retinal ganglion cells to mitochondrial dysfunction in both disorders. Genetic Heterogeneity of Optic AtrophyOptic atrophy-2 (OPA2 ) maps to chromosome Xp11.4-p11.21. OPA3 (OMIM ) is caused by mutation in the OPA3 gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 19q13. OPA4 (OMIM ) maps to chromosome 18q12.2-q12.3. OPA5 (OMIM ) is caused by mutation in the DNM1L gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 12p11. OPA6 (OMIM ) maps to chromosome 8q21-q22. OPA7 (OMIM ) is caused by mutation in the TMEM126A gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 11q14. OPA8 (OMIM ) maps to chromosome 16q21-q22. OPA9 (OMIM ) is caused by mutation in the ACO2 gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 22q13; OPA10 (OMIM ) is caused by mutation in the RTN4IP1 gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 6q21; and OPA11 (OMIM ) is caused by mutation in the YME1L1 gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 10p12.

OPTIC ATROPHY 1; OPA1 Is also known as kjer-type optic atrophy|optic atrophy, kjer type|oak|optic atrophy, juvenile

• Hearing impairment
• Ataxia
• Strabismus
• Sensorineural hearing impairment
• Visual impairment

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Medium match MIGRAINE, FAMILIAL HEMIPLEGIC, 2; FHM2

MIGRAINE, FAMILIAL HEMIPLEGIC, 2; FHM2 Is also known as mhp2

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Hearing impairment
• Ataxia

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Medium match LISSENCEPHALY 3; LIS3

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Microcephaly

SOURCES: ORPHANET MESH OMIM MENDELIAN

Medium match JOUBERT SYNDROME 6; JBTS6

Joubert syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder presenting with psychomotor delay, hypotonia, ataxia, oculomotor apraxia, and neonatal breathing abnormalities. Neuroradiologically, Joubert syndrome is characterized by peculiar malformation of the midbrain-hindbrain junction known as the 'molar tooth sign' (MTS) consisting of cerebellar vermis hypoplasia or aplasia, thick and maloriented superior cerebellar peduncles, and abnormally deep interpeduncular fossa (Romano et al., 2006).For a phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of Joubert syndrome, see {213300}.

• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Ataxia
• Muscular hypotonia

SOURCES: OMIM MESH MENDELIAN