Ataxia, and Amenorrhea

Medium match PERRAULT SYNDROME 3; PRLTS3

Perrault syndrome (PRLTS) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) and premature ovarian failure (POF) secondary to ovarian dysgenesis. Affected males have SNHL but show normal pubertal development. A spectrum of additional clinical features, including cerebellar ataxia, learning disability, and peripheral neuropathy, have been described in some affected individuals (summary by Jenkinson et al., 2013).For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of Perrault syndrome, see PRLTS1 (OMIM ).

PERRAULT SYNDROME 3; PRLTS3 Is also known as dfnb81, formerly|deafness, autosomal recessive 81, formerly

• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Hearing impairment
• Microcephaly

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Medium match LEUKOENCEPHALOPATHY, PROGRESSIVE, WITH OVARIAN FAILURE; LKENP

Progressive leukoencephalopathy with ovarian failure is an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by loss of motor and cognitive skills, usually with onset in young adulthood. Some patients may have a history of delayed motor development or learning difficulties in early childhood. Neurologic decline is severe, usually resulting in gait difficulties, ataxia, spasticity, and cognitive decline and dementia. Most patients lose speech and become wheelchair-bound or bedridden. Brain MRI shows progressive white matter signal abnormalities in the deep white matter. Affected females develop premature ovarian failure (summary by Dallabona et al., 2014).

• Ataxia
• Nystagmus
• Spasticity
• Motor delay
• Dysarthria

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Medium match BOUCHER-NEUHAUSER SYNDROME; BNHS

Boucher-Neuhauser syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized classically by the triad of spinocerebellar ataxia, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, and visual impairment due to chorioretinal dystrophy. The age at onset is variable, but most patients develop one or more symptoms in the first decade of life. Chorioretinal dystrophy may not always be present. BNHS is part of a spectrum of neurodegenerative diseases associated with mutations in the PNPLA6 gene that also includes spastic paraplegia-39 (SPG39 ) (summary by Synofzik et al., 2014).See also Gordon Holmes syndrome (GDHS ), caused by mutation in the RNF216 gene (OMIM ), which is also characterized by the combination of cerebellar ataxia and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.

BOUCHER-NEUHAUSER SYNDROME; BNHS Is also known as spinocerebellar ataxia, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, and chorioretinal dystrophy

• Ataxia
• Spasticity
• Cognitive impairment
• Visual impairment
• Dysarthria

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Medium match PERRAULT SYNDROME 5; PRLTS5

• Seizures
• Hearing impairment
• Ataxia
• Nystagmus
• Sensorineural hearing impairment

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Medium match 46,XX GONADAL DYSGENESIS

46,XX gonadal dysgenesis (46,XX GD) is a primary ovarian defect leading to premature ovarian failure (POF; see this term) in otherwise normal 46,XX females as a result of failure of the gonads to develop or due to resistance to gonadotrophin stimulation.

46,XX GONADAL DYSGENESIS Is also known as xx female gonadal dysgenesis|46,xx pure gonadal dysgenesis|46,xx complete gonadal dysgenesis|follicular stimulating hormone-resistant ovaries|hypergonadotropic ovarian dysgenesis|xx-gd|46,xx ovarian dysgenesis|fsh-ro

• Short stature
• Hearing impairment
• Microcephaly
• Ataxia
• Abnormality of metabolism/homeostasis

SOURCES: ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Medium match LEUKOENCEPHALOPATHY WITH VANISHING WHITE MATTER; VWM

Vanishing white matter leukodystrophy is an autosomal recessive neurologic disorder characterized by variable neurologic features, including progressive cerebellar ataxia, spasticity, and cognitive impairment associated with white matter lesions on brain imaging. The age at onset can range from early infancy to adulthood. Rapid neurologic deterioration can occur following minor head trauma. Female mutation carriers may develop ovarian failure, manifest as primary amenorrhea or as secondary amenorrhea lasting more than 6 months, associated with elevated gonadotropin levels at age less than 40 years (summary by Van der Knaap et al., 1998 and Schiffmann et al., 1997).

LEUKOENCEPHALOPATHY WITH VANISHING WHITE MATTER; VWM Is also known as cach|cle|childhood ataxia with central nervous system hypomyelinization|cree leukoencephalopathy|vanishing white matter leukodystrophy

• Seizures
• Generalized hypotonia
• Ataxia
• Muscle weakness
• Muscular hypotonia

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Medium match PERRAULT SYNDROME

Perrault syndrome (PS) is characterized by the association of ovarian dysgenesis in females with sensorineural hearing impairment. In more recent PS reports, some authors have described neurologic abnormalities, notably progressive cerebellar ataxia and intellectual deficit.

PERRAULT SYNDROME Is also known as ovarian dysgenesis with sensorineural deafness|gonadal dysgenesis, xx type, with deafness|xx gonodal dysgenesis-deafness syndrome

• Intellectual disability
• Short stature
• Hearing impairment
• Scoliosis
• Ataxia

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Medium match KALLMANN SYNDROME

Kallmann syndrome (KS) is a developmental genetic disorder characterized by the association of congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH) due to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) deficiency, and anosmia or hyposmia (with hypoplasia or aplasia of the olfactory bulbs).

KALLMANN SYNDROME Is also known as congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism with anosmia|olfacto-genital pathological sequence

• Seizures
• Ataxia
• Nystagmus
• Sensorineural hearing impairment
• Muscle weakness

SOURCES: ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Medium match HEMOCHROMATOSIS, TYPE 1; HFE1

Hereditary hemochromatosis is an autosomal recessive disorder of iron metabolism wherein the body accumulates excess iron (summary by Feder et al., 1996). Excess iron is deposited in a variety of organs leading to their failure, and resulting in serious illnesses including cirrhosis, hepatomas, diabetes, cardiomyopathy, arthritis, and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Severe effects of the disease usually do not appear until after decades of progressive iron loading. Removal of excess iron by therapeutic phlebotomy decreases morbidity and mortality if instituted early in the course of the disease. Classic hemochromatosis (HFE) is most often caused by mutation in a gene designated HFE on chromosome 6p21.3.Adams and Barton (2007) reviewed the clinical features, pathophysiology, and management of hemochromatosis. Genetic Heterogeneity of HemochromatosisAt least 4 additional iron overload disorders labeled hemochromatosis have been identified on the basis of clinical, biochemical, and genetic characteristics. Juvenile hemochromatosis, or hemochromatosis type 2 (HFE2), is autosomal recessive and is divided into 2 forms: HFE2A (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the HJV gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 1q21, and HFE2B (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the HAMP gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 19q13. Hemochromatosis type 3 (HFE3 ), an autosomal recessive disorder, is caused by mutation in the TFR2 gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 7q22. Hemochromatosis type 4 (HFE4 ), an autosomal dominant disorder, is caused by mutation in the SLC40A1 gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 2q32. Hemochromatosis type 5 (HFE5 ) is caused by mutation in the FTH1 gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 11q12.

HEMOCHROMATOSIS, TYPE 1; HFE1 Is also known as hfe|hemochromatosis, hereditary|hemochromatosis|hh

• Ataxia
• Neoplasm
• Pain
• Anemia
• Hepatomegaly

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Low match THIAMINE-RESPONSIVE MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA SYNDROME

Thiamine-responsive megaloblastic anemia (TRMA) is characterized by a triad of megaloblastic anemia, non-type I diabetes mellitus, and sensorineural deafness.

THIAMINE-RESPONSIVE MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA SYNDROME Is also known as thmd1|trma|thiamine-responsive megaloblastic anemia with diabetes mellitus and sensorineural deafness|rogers syndrome|thiamine-responsive myelodysplasia|thiamine metabolism dysfunction syndrome 1 (megaloblastic anemia, diabetes mellitus, and deafness type

• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Hearing impairment
• Microcephaly

SOURCES: MESH ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN