Anemia, and Telecanthus

• Global developmental delay
• Microcephaly
• Growth delay
• Abnormal facial shape
• Anemia

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Microcephaly
• Micrognathia

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Potocki-Shaffer syndrome is characterized by multiple exostoses, parietal foramina, enlargement of the anterior fontanelle and occasionally intellectual deficit and mild cranio-facial anomalies. To date, 23 individuals from 14 families have been reported. The syndrome is caused by contiguous gene deletions on the short arm of chromosome 11 (11p11.2).

POTOCKI-SHAFFER SYNDROME Is also known as proximal 11p deletion syndrome|defect11 syndrome|pss|chromosome 11p11.2 deletion syndrome|11p11.2 deletion|p11pds

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Hearing impairment
• Microcephaly

SOURCES: MESH OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

X-linked alpha thalassaemia mental retardation (ATR-X) syndrome in males is associated with profound developmental delay, facial dysmorphism, genital abnormalities and alpha thalassaemia. Female carriers are usually physically and intellectually normal.

ALPHA-THALASSEMIA-X-LINKED INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY SYNDROME Is also known as atr-x syndrome

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Short stature
• Microcephaly
• Hypertelorism

SOURCES: ORPHANET MENDELIAN

MPSPS is an autosomal recessive inborn error of metabolism resulting in a multisystem disorder with features of the mucopolysaccharidosis lysosomal storage diseases (see, e.g., {607016}). Patients present in infancy or early childhood with respiratory difficulties, cardiac problems, anemia, dysostosis multiplex, renal involvement, coarse facies, and delayed psychomotor development. Most patients die of cardiorespiratory failure in the first years of life (summary by Kondo et al., 2017).

MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDOSIS-LIKE SYNDROME WITH CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTS AND HEMATOPOIETIC DISORDERS Is also known as mucopolysaccharidosis-like plus disease

• Global developmental delay
• Abnormal facial shape
• Spasticity
• Anemia
• Flexion contracture

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

ALPHA-THALASSEMIA/MENTAL RETARDATION SYNDROME, X-LINKED; ATRX Is also known as alpha-thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome, nondeletion type|atr, nondeletion type|atr-x syndrome

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Dubowitz syndrome (DS) is a rare multiple congenital syndrome characterized primarly by growth retardation, microcephaly, distinctive facial dysmorphism, cutaneous eczema, a mild to severe intellectual deficit and genital abnormalities.

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Short stature
• Hearing impairment
• Microcephaly

SOURCES: ORPHANET MENDELIAN

DiGeorge syndrome (DGS) comprises hypocalcemia arising from parathyroid hypoplasia, thymic hypoplasia, and outflow tract defects of the heart. Disturbance of cervical neural crest migration into the derivatives of the pharyngeal arches and pouches can account for the phenotype. Most cases result from a deletion of chromosome 22q11.2 (the DiGeorge syndrome chromosome region, or DGCR). Several genes are lost including the putative transcription factor TUPLE1 which is expressed in the appropriate distribution. This deletion may present with a variety of phenotypes: Shprintzen, or velocardiofacial, syndrome (VCFS ); conotruncal anomaly face (or Takao syndrome); and isolated outflow tract defects of the heart including tetralogy of Fallot, truncus arteriosus, and interrupted aortic arch. A collective acronym CATCH22 has been proposed for these differing presentations. A small number of cases of DGS have defects in other chromosomes, notably 10p13 (see {601362}). In the mouse, a transgenic Hox A3 (Hox 1.5) knockout produces a phenotype similar to DGS as do the teratogens retinoic acid and alcohol.

DIGEORGE SYNDROME; DGS Is also known as hypoplasia of thymus and parathyroids|chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome|third and fourth pharyngeal pouch syndrome

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Hearing impairment

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

The Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CDLS) is a multisystem malformation syndrome recognized primarily on the basis of characteristic facial dysmorphism, including low anterior hairline, arched eyebrows, synophrys, anteverted nares, maxillary prognathism, long philtrum, thin lips, and 'carp' mouth, in association with prenatal and postnatal growth retardation, mental retardation and, in many cases, upper limb anomalies. However, there is wide clinical variability in this disorder, with milder phenotypes that may be difficult to ascertain on the basis of physical features (summary by Rohatgi et al., 2010).Boyle et al. (2015) provided a detailed review of CDLS, including clinical features, diagnosis, and genetic counseling. Genetic Heterogeneity of Cornelia de Lange SyndromeAbout 50 to 60% of the cases of CDLS are due to mutation in the NIPBL gene (Musio et al., 2006; Rohatgi et al., 2010).One X-linked form of CDLS (CDLS2 ) is caused by mutation in the SMC1A gene (OMIM ), which accounts for about 5% of cases. Two milder variants of Cornelia de Lange syndrome have been identified: CDLS3 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the SMC3 gene (OMIM ), and CDLS4 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the RAD21 gene (OMIM ). All 4 genes, NIPBL, SMC1A, SMC3, and RAD21, encode components of the cohesin complex. Another X-linked form, CDLS5 (OMIM ), is caused by mutation in the HDAC8 gene (OMIM ), the vertebrate histone deacetylase of SMC3.

CORNELIA DE LANGE SYNDROME 1; CDLS1 Is also known as typus degenerativus amstelodamensis|brachmann-de lange syndrome|cdl|de lange syndrome|cdls|bdls

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Familial lambdoid synostosis is a rare, genetic cranial malformation characterized by unilateral or bilateral synostosis of the lambdoid suture in multiple members of a single family. Unilateral cases typically present ipsilateral occipitomastoid bulge, compensatory contralateral parietal and frontal bossing, displacement of one ear, lateral deviation of jaw and compensatory deformation of cervical spine while bilateral cases usually manifest with flat and widened occiput, displacement of both ears and frequent occurrence of raised intracranial pressure.

• Intellectual disability
• Hypertelorism
• Muscular hypotonia
• Spasticity
• Low-set ears

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN