Anemia, and Syndactyly

Ss blood group antigens reside on the red-cell glycoprotein GYPB. The S and s antigens result from a polymorphism at amino acid 29 of GYPB, where S has met29 and s has thr29. The U antigen refers to a short extracellular sequence in GYPB located near the membrane. GYPB, glycophorin A (GYPA ), and glycophorin E (GYPE ) are closely linked on chromosome 4q31. Antigens of the MN blood group (OMIM ) reside on GYPA. The M and N antigens differ at amino acids 1 and 5 of GYPA, where M is ser-ser-thr-thr-gly, and N is leu-ser-thr-thr-glu. The N terminus of GYPB is essentially identical to that of GYPA except that it always expresses the N antigen, denoted 'N' or N-prime. Recombination and gene conversion between GYPA, GYPB, and GYPE lead to hybrid glycophorin molecules and generation of low-incidence antigens. Thus, the MN and Ss blood groups are together referred to as the MNSs blood group system (see {111300}). Recombination results in 3 glycophorin-null phenotypes: En(a-) cells lack GYPA due to recombination between GYPA and GYPB; GYPB-negative (S-s-U-) cells lack GYPB due to recombination in GYPB; and M(k) cells (M-N-S-s-U-) lack both GYPA and GYPB due to recombination between GYPA and GYPE. Individuals with glycophorin-null phenotypes have decreased sialic acid content and increased resistance to malarial infection (see {611162}). GYPA and GYPB are not essential for red-cell development or survival, and GYPA- and GYPB-null phenotypes are not associated with anemia or altered red-cell function (review by Cooling, 2015).

BLOOD GROUP, SS; SS Is also known as ss blood group

• Neoplasm
• Anemia

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

• Anemia
• Hyperpigmentation of the skin

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Congenital dyserythropoietic anemiatype I (CDA I) is a hematologic disorder of erythropoiesis characterized by moderate to severe macrocytic anemia occasionally associated with limb or nail deformities and scoliosis.

CONGENITAL DYSERYTHROPOIETIC ANEMIA TYPE I Is also known as cda type i|cda, type ib|cda type 1|congenital dyserythropoietic anemia type 1|cda i

• Short stature
• Ptosis
• Anemia
• Hepatomegaly
• Abnormality of the skeletal system

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

CDA type I is a rare inherited red blood cell disorder characterized by macrocytic anemia, ineffective erythropoiesis, and secondary hemochromatosis. It is occasionally associated with bone abnormalities, especially of the hands and feet (acrodysostosis), nail hypoplasia, and scoliosis (Tamary et al., 2005). Striking morphologic abnormalities of erythroblasts, reviewed by Wickramasinghe and Wood (2005), include the 'Swiss-cheese' abnormality of erythroblasts on electron microscopy.Four types of CDA, all of which show show ineffective erythropoiesis and multinuclear erythroblasts, have been characterized by clinical and hematopoietic findings. The classification of the first 3 types is based on that described by Wendt and Heimpel (1967). Type I is characterized by megaloblastic changes. The more common type II (OMIM ) is characterized by normocytic binuclear or multinuclear red cells, which on electron microscopy contain double cytoplasmic membranes. Type III (OMIM ), which shows autosomal dominant inheritance, has prominent erythroblastic multinuclearity forming 'gigantoblasts' with up to 12 nuclei. Type IV (OMIM ) is the designation given to a form of CDA with characteristics different from those of types I, II, and III (Wickramasinghe et al., 1991; Arnaud et al., 2010). Genetic Heterogeneity of Congenital Dyserythropoietic AnemiaCDAN1B (OMIM ) is caused by mutation in the C15ORF41 gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 15q14; CDAN2 (OMIM ) is caused by mutation in the SEC23B gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 20p11; CDAN3 (OMIM ) maps to chromosome 15q21; and CDAN4 (OMIM ) is caused by mutation in the KLF1 gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 19p13.For a possible additional form of CDA type I, see {603529}.

ANEMIA, CONGENITAL DYSERYTHROPOIETIC, TYPE IA; CDAN1A Is also known as dyserythropoietic anemia, congenital, type ia|cda ia|anemia, congenital dyserythropoietic, type i

• Short stature
• Scoliosis
• Growth delay
• Anemia
• Hypertension

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Junctional epidermolysis bullosa, Herlitz-type is a severe subtype of junctional epidermolysis bullosa (JEB, see this term) characterized by blisters and extensive erosions, localized to the skin and mucous membranes.

JUNCTIONAL EPIDERMOLYSIS BULLOSA, GENERALIZED SEVERE Is also known as epidermolysis bullosa letalis|junctional epidermolysis bullosa, herlitz type|junctional epidermolysis bullosa, herlitz-pearson type|jeb-herlitz type|jeb-h|epidermolysis bullosa junctionalis, herlitz type|epidermolysis bullosa, junctional, herlitz-pearson

• Failure to thrive
• Anemia
• Feeding difficulties
• Respiratory insufficiency
• Syndactyly

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

MN antigens reside on GYPA, one of the most abundant red-cell glycoproteins. The M and N antigens are 2 autosomal codominant antigens encoded by the first 5 amino acids of GYPA and include 3 O-linked glycans as part of the epitope. M and N differ at amino acids 1 and 5, where M is ser-ser-thr-thr-gly, and N is leu-ser-thr-thr-glu. M is the ancestral GYPA allele and is common in all human populations and Old World apes. GYPA, glycophorin B (GYPB ), and glycophorin E (GYPE ) are closely linked on chromosome 4q31. The N terminus of GYPB is essentially identical to that of GYPA except that it always expresses the N antigen, denoted 'N' or N-prime. Antigens of the Ss blood group (OMIM ) reside on GYPB, and recombination and gene conversion between GYPA, GYPB, and GYPE lead to hybrid glycophorin molecules and generation of low-incidence antigens. Thus, the MN and Ss blood groups are together referred to as the MNSs or MNS blood group system. The U antigen refers to a short extracellular sequence in GYPB located near the membrane. Recombination results in 3 glycophorin-null phenotypes: En(a-) cells lack GYPA due to recombination between GYPA and GYPB; GYPB-negative (S-s-U-) cells lack GYPB due to recombination in GYPB; and M(k) cells (M-N-S-s-U-) lack both GYPA and GYPB due to recombination between GYPA and GYPE. Individuals with glycophorin-null phenotypes have decreased sialic acid content and increased resistance to malarial infection (see {611162}). GYPA and GYPB are not essential for red-cell development or survival, and GYPA- and GYPB-null phenotypes are not associated with anemia or altered red-cell function (review by Cooling, 2015).

BLOOD GROUP, MN; MN Is also known as mn blood group

• Neoplasm
• Anemia
• Leukemia

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Severe generalized recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB-sev gen) is the most severe subtype of dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DEB, see this term), formerly known as the Hallopeau-Siemens type, and is characterized by generalized cutaneous and mucosal blistering and scarring associated with severe deformities and major extracutaneous involvement.

SEVERE GENERALIZED RECESSIVE DYSTROPHIC EPIDERMOLYSIS BULLOSA Is also known as rdeb, hallopeau-siemens type|severe generalized rdeb|dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa, autosomal recessive|rdeb generalisata gravis|epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica, hallopeau-siemens type|rdeb-sev gen|autosomal recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa

• Growth delay
• Neoplasm
• Cataract
• Anemia
• Flexion contracture

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Deafness - lymphedema - leukemia is a very rare, serious syndromic genetic disorder characterized by primary lymphedema, immunodeficiency, and hematological disorders.

DEAFNESS-LYMPHEDEMA-LEUKEMIA SYNDROME Is also known as emberger syndrome

• Hearing impairment
• Neoplasm
• Sensorineural hearing impairment
• Anemia
• Epicanthus

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Fanconi anemia (FA) is characterized by bone marrow failure, developmental abnormalities, cancer predisposition, and cellular hypersensitivity to DNA cross-linking agents such as mitomycin C (summary by de Winter et al., 2000).For additional general information and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of Fanconi anemia, see {227650}.

FANCONI ANEMIA, COMPLEMENTATION GROUP E; FANCE Is also known as face

• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Hearing impairment
• Microcephaly

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Craniofacial dysplasia-osteopenia syndrome is a rare, genetic developmental defect during embryogenesis disorder characterized by craniofacial dysmorphism (incl. brachycephaly, prominent forehead, sparse lateral eyebrows, severe hypertelorism, upslanting palpebral fissures, epicanthal folds, protruding ears, broad nasal bridge, pointed nasal tip, flat philtrum, anteverted nostrils, large mouth, thin upper vermilion border, highly arched palate and mild micrognathia) associated with osteopenia leading to repeated long bone fractures, severe myopia, mild to moderate sensorineural or mixed hearing loss, enamel hypoplasia, sloping shoulders and mild intellectual disability.

CRANIOFACIAL DYSPLASIA-OSTEOPENIA SYNDROME Is also known as hypertelorism, severe, with midface prominence, myopia, mental retardation, and bone fragility|hamamy syndrome

• Hearing impairment
• Hypertelorism
• Micrognathia
• Sensorineural hearing impairment
• Cryptorchidism

SOURCES: MESH ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN