Anemia, and Skeletal dysplasia

Ghosal hematodiaphyseal dysplasia syndrome (GHDD) is a rare disorder characterized by increased bone density (predominantly diaphyseal) and aregenerative corticosteroid-sensitive anemia.

GHOSAL HEMATODIAPHYSEAL DYSPLASIA Is also known as ghosal syndrome|diaphyseal dysplasia-anemia syndrome

• Pain
• Anemia
• Gait disturbance
• Splenomegaly
• Thrombocytopenia

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MESH MENDELIAN

Ss blood group antigens reside on the red-cell glycoprotein GYPB. The S and s antigens result from a polymorphism at amino acid 29 of GYPB, where S has met29 and s has thr29. The U antigen refers to a short extracellular sequence in GYPB located near the membrane. GYPB, glycophorin A (GYPA ), and glycophorin E (GYPE ) are closely linked on chromosome 4q31. Antigens of the MN blood group (OMIM ) reside on GYPA. The M and N antigens differ at amino acids 1 and 5 of GYPA, where M is ser-ser-thr-thr-gly, and N is leu-ser-thr-thr-glu. The N terminus of GYPB is essentially identical to that of GYPA except that it always expresses the N antigen, denoted 'N' or N-prime. Recombination and gene conversion between GYPA, GYPB, and GYPE lead to hybrid glycophorin molecules and generation of low-incidence antigens. Thus, the MN and Ss blood groups are together referred to as the MNSs blood group system (see {111300}). Recombination results in 3 glycophorin-null phenotypes: En(a-) cells lack GYPA due to recombination between GYPA and GYPB; GYPB-negative (S-s-U-) cells lack GYPB due to recombination in GYPB; and M(k) cells (M-N-S-s-U-) lack both GYPA and GYPB due to recombination between GYPA and GYPE. Individuals with glycophorin-null phenotypes have decreased sialic acid content and increased resistance to malarial infection (see {611162}). GYPA and GYPB are not essential for red-cell development or survival, and GYPA- and GYPB-null phenotypes are not associated with anemia or altered red-cell function (review by Cooling, 2015).

BLOOD GROUP, SS; SS Is also known as ss blood group

• Neoplasm
• Anemia

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Shwachman-Diamond syndrome-2 (SDS2) is characterized by exocrine pancreatic dysfunction, hematopoietic abnormalities, short stature, and metaphyseal dysplasia (Stepensky et al., 2017).For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of Shwachman-Diamond syndrome, see SDS1 (OMIM ).

• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia
• Microcephaly
• Growth delay

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Omenn syndrome (OS) is an inflammatory condition characterized by erythroderma, desquamation, alopecia, chronic diarrhea, failure to thrive, lymphadenopathy, and hepatosplenomegaly, associated with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID; see this term).

OMENN SYNDROME Is also known as combined immunodeficiency with hypereosinophilia|reticuloendotheliosis, familial, with eosinophilia|severe combined immunodeficiency with hypereosinophilia

• Failure to thrive
• Anemia
• Hepatomegaly
• Fever
• Edema

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Rothmund-Thomson syndrome type 2 is a subform of Rothmund-Thomson syndrome (RTS; see this term) presenting with a characteristic facial rash (poikiloderma) and frequently associated with short stature, sparse scalp hair, sparse or absent eyelashes and/or eyebrows, congenital bone defects and an increased risk of osteosarcoma in childhood and squamous cell carcinoma later in life.

ROTHMUND-THOMSON SYNDROME TYPE 2 Is also known as poikiloderma of rothmund-thomson type 2|rts2

• Growth delay
• Cataract
• Anemia
• Frontal bossing
• Diarrhea

SOURCES: ORPHANET MENDELIAN

• Intellectual disability
• Short stature
• Growth delay
• Hypertelorism
• Abnormal facial shape

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Mucolipidosis IV is an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorder characterized by psychomotor retardation and ophthalmologic abnormalities. The lysosomal hydrolases in ML IV are normal, in contrast to most other storage diseases. The disorder results from a defect in transport along the lysosomal pathway, affecting membrane sorting and/or late steps of endocytosis, which causes intracellular accumulation of lysosomal substrates. Over 80% of the patients in whom the diagnosis of ML IV has been made are Ashkenazi Jews, including severely affected and mildly affected patients (Chen et al., 1998).

MUCOLIPIDOSIS IV; ML4 Is also known as ml iv|sialolipidosis

• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Microcephaly
• Ataxia

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Chronic Infantile Neurological, Cutaneous, and Articular (CINCA) syndrome is characterised by skin rash, joint involvement, chronic meningitis with granulocytes and, in some cases, sensorineural hearing loss and ocular signs.

CINCA SYNDROME Is also known as multisystem inflammatory disease, neonatal-onset|nomid syndrome|iomid syndrome|infantile-onset multisystem inflammatory disease|prieur-griscelli syndrome|neonatal-onset multisystem inflammatory disease|chronic neurologic cutaneous and articular syndrome|c

• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Hearing impairment
• Growth delay
• Sensorineural hearing impairment

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Anauxetic dysplasia is a form of spondylometaepiphyseal dysplasia characterized by the prenatal onset of extreme short stature, an adult height of less than 85 cm, hypodontia, and mild mental retardation. Major radiographic characteristics are late-maturing ovoid vertebral bodies with concave dorsal surfaces in the lumbar region; small capital femoral epiphyses; hypoplastic femoral necks; hypoplastic iliac bodies and shallow acetabulae; irregular metaphyseal mineralization and demarcation of the long tubular bones; short first and fifth metacarpals with widened shafts; very short and broad phalanges with small, late-ossifying epiphyses and bullet-shaped middle phalanges; and midface hypoplasia. The number of chondrocytes is severely reduced in the resting and proliferating cartilage, with diminished columnization of the hypertrophic zone (summary by Thiel et al., 2005).Mutations in RMRP also cause 2 milder types of short stature with susceptibility to cancer, cartilage-hair hypoplasia (CHH ) and metaphyseal dysplasia without hypotrichosis (OMIM ). Genetic Heterogeneity of Anauxetic DysplasiaAnauxetic dysplasia-2 (ANXD2 ) is caused by mutation in the POP1 gene on chromosome 8q22.

ANAUXETIC DYSPLASIA 1; ANXD1 Is also known as spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia, anauxetic type|anxd|spondylometaepiphyseal dysplasia, anauxetic type|spondylometaepiphyseal dysplasia, menger type|anauxetic dysplasia

• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Hypertelorism
• Neoplasm

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Galactosialidosis is a lysosomal storage disease characterized by coarse facial features, macular ''cherry red spot'', and dysostosis multiplex. Clinical presentation can be heterogenous ranging from a severe, early-onset, rapidly progressive infantile form to late onset, slowly progressive juvenile/adult form.

GALACTOSIALIDOSIS Is also known as ppca deficiency|lysosomal protective protein deficiency|goldberg syndrome|ngbe|cathepsin a deficiency|protective protein/cathepsin a deficiency|neuraminidase/beta-galactosidase expression|neuraminidase deficiency with beta-galactosidase deficiency

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Short stature
• Hearing impairment
• Ataxia

SOURCES: MESH ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN