Anemia, and Renal cell carcinoma

Low match ABETALIPOPROTEINEMIA

Abetalipoproteinemia/ homozygous familial hypobetalipoproteinemia (ABL/HoFHBL) is a severe form of familial hypobetalipoproteinemia (see this term) characterized by permanently low levels (below the 5th percentile) of apolipoprotein B and LDL cholesterol, and by growth delay, malabsorption, hepatomegaly, and neurological and neuromuscular manifestations.

ABETALIPOPROTEINEMIA Is also known as hypobetalipoproteinemia, normotriglyceridemic|fhbl|hypobetalipoproteinemia, familial|acanthocytosis with hypobetalipoproteinemia|homozygous familial hypobetalipoproteinemia|bassen-kornzweig disease

• Global developmental delay
• Ataxia
• Muscular hypotonia
• Anemia
• Visual impairment

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Low match PEUTZ-JEGHERS SYNDROME

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS) is an inherited gastrointestinal disorder characterized by development of characteristic hamartomatous polyps throughout the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, and by mucocutaneous pigmentation. PJS carries a considerably increased risk of GI and extra-GI malignancies.

PEUTZ-JEGHERS SYNDROME Is also known as hamartomatous intestinal polyposis|polyps and spots syndrome|pjs

• Neoplasm
• Anemia
• Vomiting
• Abdominal pain
• Gastrointestinal hemorrhage

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Low match BLUE RUBBER BLEB NEVUS

Blue rubber bleb nevus (BRBNS) is a rare vascular malformation disorder with cutaneous and visceral lesions frequently associated with serious, potentially fatal bleeding and anemia.

BLUE RUBBER BLEB NEVUS Is also known as brbn|bean syndrome

• Growth delay
• Neoplasm
• Pain
• Anemia
• Thrombocytopenia

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MESH MENDELIAN

Low match PEUTZ-JEGHERS SYNDROME; PJS

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by melanocytic macules of the lips, buccal mucosa, and digits; multiple gastrointestinal hamartomatous polyps; and an increased risk of various neoplasms.

PEUTZ-JEGHERS SYNDROME; PJS Is also known as polyps-and-spots syndrome|polyposis, hamartomatous intestinal

• Neoplasm
• Hypertension
• Edema
• Diarrhea
• Headache

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Low match BLAU SYNDROME

Blau syndrome (BS) is a rare systemic inflammatory disease characterized by early onset granulomatous arthritis, uveitis and skin rash. BS now refers to both the familial and sporadic (formerly early-onset sarcoidosis) form of the same disease. The proposed term pediatric granulomatous arthritis is currently questioned since it fails to represent the systemic nature of the disease.

• Cataract
• Anemia
• Hypertension
• Fever
• Splenomegaly

SOURCES: ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Low match BLOOD GROUP, SS; SS

Ss blood group antigens reside on the red-cell glycoprotein GYPB. The S and s antigens result from a polymorphism at amino acid 29 of GYPB, where S has met29 and s has thr29. The U antigen refers to a short extracellular sequence in GYPB located near the membrane. GYPB, glycophorin A (GYPA ), and glycophorin E (GYPE ) are closely linked on chromosome 4q31. Antigens of the MN blood group (OMIM ) reside on GYPA. The M and N antigens differ at amino acids 1 and 5 of GYPA, where M is ser-ser-thr-thr-gly, and N is leu-ser-thr-thr-glu. The N terminus of GYPB is essentially identical to that of GYPA except that it always expresses the N antigen, denoted 'N' or N-prime. Recombination and gene conversion between GYPA, GYPB, and GYPE lead to hybrid glycophorin molecules and generation of low-incidence antigens. Thus, the MN and Ss blood groups are together referred to as the MNSs blood group system (see {111300}). Recombination results in 3 glycophorin-null phenotypes: En(a-) cells lack GYPA due to recombination between GYPA and GYPB; GYPB-negative (S-s-U-) cells lack GYPB due to recombination in GYPB; and M(k) cells (M-N-S-s-U-) lack both GYPA and GYPB due to recombination between GYPA and GYPE. Individuals with glycophorin-null phenotypes have decreased sialic acid content and increased resistance to malarial infection (see {611162}). GYPA and GYPB are not essential for red-cell development or survival, and GYPA- and GYPB-null phenotypes are not associated with anemia or altered red-cell function (review by Cooling, 2015).

BLOOD GROUP, SS; SS Is also known as ss blood group

• Neoplasm
• Anemia

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Low match NEUROFIBROMATOSIS TYPE 1 DUE TO NF1 MUTATION OR INTRAGENIC DELETION

Neurofibromatosis type I is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by cafe-au-lait spots, Lisch nodules in the eye, and fibromatous tumors of the skin. Individuals with the disorder have increased susceptibility to the development of benign and malignant tumors. NF1 is sometimes referred to as 'peripheral neurofibromatosis.' The worldwide incidence of NF1 is 1 in 2,500 to 1 in 3,000 individuals (reviews by Shen et al., 1996 and Williams et al., 2009).Type II neurofibromatosis (NF2 ) is a genetically distinct disorder caused by mutation in the gene encoding merlin (NF2 ) on chromosome 22q12. NF2, sometimes known as 'central neurofibromatosis,' is characterized by bilateral acoustic neuroma and meningioma, but few skin lesions or neurofibromas (Rouleau et al., 1993).Some patients with homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in mismatch repair genes (see, e.g., MLH1; {120436} and MSH2; {609309}) have a phenotype characterized by early onset malignancies and mild features of NF1, especially cafe-au-lait spots; this is known as the mismatch repair cancer syndrome (OMIM ), sometimes referred to as brain tumor-polyposis syndrome-1 or Turcot syndrome. These patients typically do not have germline mutations in the NF1 gene, although a study by Wang et al. (2003) suggested that biallelic mutations in mismatch repair genes may cause somatic mutations in the NF1 gene, perhaps resulting in isolated features resembling NF1.See also Legius syndrome (OMIM ), a genetically distinct disorder with a similar phenotype to NF1.

NEUROFIBROMATOSIS TYPE 1 DUE TO NF1 MUTATION OR INTRAGENIC DELETION Is also known as von recklinghausen disease due to nf1 mutation or intragenic deletion|neurofibromatosis, peripheral type|von recklinghausen disease

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Short stature
• Scoliosis
• Hypertelorism

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Low match RENAL CELL CARCINOMA, NONPAPILLARY; RCC

The Heidelberg histologic classification of renal cell tumors subdivides renal cell tumors into benign and malignant parenchymal neoplasms and, where possible, limits each subcategory to the most common documented genetic abnormalities (Kovacs et al., 1997). Malignant tumors are subclassified into common or conventional renal cell carcinoma (clear cell); papillary renal cell carcinoma; chromophobe renal cell carcinoma; collecting duct carcinoma, with medullary carcinoma of the kidney; and unclassified renal cell carcinoma. The common or conventional type accounts for about 75% of renal cell neoplasms and is characterized genetically by a highly specific deletion of chromosome 3p. Papillary renal cell carcinoma (see {605074}) accounts for about 10% of renal cell tumors. Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma accounts for approximately 5% of renal cell neoplasms. Genetically, chromophobe RCC is characterized by a combination of loss of heterozygosity of chromosomes 1, 2, 6, 10, 13, 17, and 21 and hypodiploid DNA content. Collecting duct carcinoma accounts for about 1% of renal cell carcinoma.Renal cell carcinoma occurs nearly twice as often in men as in women; incidence in the United States is equivalent among whites and blacks. Cigarette smoking doubles the likelihood of renal cell carcinoma and contributes to as many as one-third of cases. Obesity is also a risk factor, particularly in women. Other risk factors include hypertension, unopposed estrogen therapy, and occupational exposure to petroleum products, heavy metals, or asbestos (summary by Motzer et al., 1996). Genetic Heterogeneity of Renal Cell CarcinomaGermline mutation resulting in nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma of the clear cell and chromophobe type occurs in the HNF1A gene (OMIM ) and the HNF1B gene (OMIM ).Somatic mutations in renal cell carcinomas occur in the VHL gene (OMIM ), the TRC8 gene (OMIM ), the OGG1 gene (OMIM ), the ARMET gene (OMIM ), the FLCN gene (OMIM ), and the BAP1 gene (OMIM ).See also RCCX1 (OMIM ) for a discussion of renal cell carcinoma associated with translocations of chromosome Xp11.2 involving the TFE3 gene (OMIM ).For a discussion of papillary renal cell carcinoma, see RCCP1 (OMIM ). Occurrence of Renal Cell Carcinoma in Other DisordersVon Hippel-Lindau syndrome (OMIM ) is a familial multicancer syndrome in which there is a susceptibility to a variety of neoplasms, including renal cell carcinoma of clear cell histology and renal cysts. A syndrome of predisposition to uterine leiomyomas and papillary renal cell carcinoma has been reported (OMIM ). Medullary carcinoma of the kidney is believed to arise from the collecting ducts of the renal medulla and is associated with sickle cell trait (OMIM ) (Kovacs et al., 1997). Renal cell carcinoma occurs in patients with the Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome (OMIM ).Bertolotto et al. (2011) identified a missense mutation in the MITF (OMIM ) gene that increases the risk of renal cell carcinoma with or without malignant melanoma (CMM8 ).

RENAL CELL CARCINOMA, NONPAPILLARY; RCC Is also known as hypernephroma|adenocarcinoma of kidney

• Neoplasm
• Hypertension
• Obesity
• Carcinoma
• Falls

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Low match MITF-RELATED MELANOMA AND RENAL CELL CARCINOMA PREDISPOSITION SYNDROME

MITF-related melanoma and renal cell carcinoma predisposition syndrome is an inherited cancer-predisposing syndrome due to a gain-of-function germline mutation in the MITF gene, associated with a higher incidence of amelanotic and nodular melanoma, multiple primary melanomas and increase in nevus number and size. It may also predispose to co-occurring melanoma and renal cell carcinoma and to pancreatic cancer.

MITF-RELATED MELANOMA AND RENAL CELL CARCINOMA PREDISPOSITION SYNDROME Is also known as melanoma and renal cell carcinoma, susceptibility to

• Neoplasm
• Melanoma
• Renal cell carcinoma
• Cutaneous melanoma

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Low match VON HIPPEL-LINDAU SYNDROME; VHL

Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome (VHL) is a dominantly inherited familial cancer syndrome predisposing to a variety of malignant and benign neoplasms, most frequently retinal, cerebellar, and spinal hemangioblastoma, renal cell carcinoma (RCC), pheochromocytoma, and pancreatic tumors.Neumann and Wiestler (1991) classified VHL as type 1 (without pheochromocytoma) and type 2 (with pheochromocytoma). Brauch et al. (1995) further subdivided VHL type 2 into type 2A (with pheochromocytoma) and type 2B (with pheochromocytoma and renal cell carcinoma). Hoffman et al. (2001) noted that VHL type 2C refers to patients with isolated pheochromocytoma without hemangioblastoma or renal cell carcinoma. McNeill et al. (2009) proposed that patients with VHL syndrome caused by large VHL deletions that include the HSPC300 gene (C3ORF10 ) have a specific subtype of VHL syndrome characterized by protection from renal cell carcinoma, which the authors proposed be named VHL type 1B.Nordstrom-O'Brien et al. (2010) provided a review of the genetics of von Hippel-Lindau disease.

• Hearing impairment
• Neoplasm
• Sensorineural hearing impairment
• Pain
• Hypertension

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN