Anemia, and Pneumonia

SICKLE CELL-BETA-THALASSEMIA DISEASE SYNDROME Is also known as hbs-beta-thalassemia syndrome

• Pain
• Anemia
• Hypertension
• Pneumonia
• Jaundice

SOURCES: ORPHANET MENDELIAN

X-linked dyserythropoietic anemia with abnormal platelets and neutropenia is a rare, genetic, constitutional dyserythropoietic anemia disorder characterized by moderate to severe anemia without thrombocytopenia, variable degrees of neutropenia, and bone marrow biopsy findings of trilineage dysplasia and hypocellularity of erythroid and granulocytic lineages. Peripheral blood findings include anisocytosis, macrocytosis, poikilocytosis, elliptocytes, and fragmented erythrocytes.

• Anemia
• Thrombocytopenia
• Pneumonia
• Neutropenia
• Macrocytic anemia

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

IMMUNODEFICIENCY WITHOUT ANHIDROTIC ECTODERMAL DYSPLASIA Is also known as immunodeficiency, isolated|immunodeficiency, pure

• Anemia
• Immunodeficiency
• Pneumonia
• Hemolytic anemia
• Sepsis

SOURCES: OMIM MESH MENDELIAN

Hemoglobin H disease is a subtype of alpha-thalassemia (see {604131}) in which patients have compound heterozygosity for alpha(+)-thalassemia, caused by deletion of one alpha-globin gene, and for alpha(0)-thalassemia, caused by deletion in cis of 2 alpha-globin genes (summary by Lal et al., 2011). When 3 alpha-globin genes become inactive because of deletions with or without concomitant nondeletional mutations, the affected individual has only 1 functional alpha-globin gene. These people usually have moderate anemia and marked microcytosis and hypochromia. In affected adults, there is an excess of beta-globin chains within erythrocytes that will form beta-4 tetramers, also known as hemoglobin H (summary by Chui et al., 2003).Hb H disease is usually caused by the combination of alpha(0)-thalassemia with deletional alpha(+)-thalassemia, a combination referred to as 'deletional' Hb H disease. In a smaller proportion of patients, Hb H disease is caused by an alpha(0)-thalassemia plus an alpha(+)-thalassemia point mutation or small insertion/deletion. Such a situation is labeled 'nondeletional' Hb H disease. Patients with nondeletional Hb H disease are usually more anemic, more symptomatic, more prone to have significant hepatosplenomegaly, and more likely to require transfusions (summary by Lal et al., 2011).While most thalassemia-related hydrops fetalis is caused by the lack of all alpha-globin genes, there are reports of fetuses with Hb H disease that developed the hydrops fetalis syndrome; see {236750}.

HEMOGLOBIN H DISEASE; HBH Is also known as alpha-thalassemia, hemoglobin h type|hemoglobin h disease, deletional

• Cognitive impairment
• Anemia
• Hepatomegaly
• Edema
• Splenomegaly

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Shortened telomeres can cause a wide variety of clinical features that constitute a phenotypic spectrum. The most severe form is dyskeratosis congenita (see, e.g., {127750}), characterized by early childhood onset of skin abnormalities, bone marrow failure, predisposition to malignancy, and risk of pulmonary and hepatic fibrosis. Adult-onset pulmonary fibrosis is the most common manifestation of mutant telomerase genes. Other manifestations include aplastic anemia due to bone marrow failure, hepatic fibrosis, and increased cancer risk, particularly myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Phenotype, age at onset, and severity are determined by telomere length, not just telomerase mutation (summary by Armanios, 2009).The genetic diagnosis of telomere-related bone marrow failure and pulmonary fibrosis has implications for treatment because affected individuals generally do not respond to immunosuppression and may be at increased risk for fatal complications after bone marrow or lung transplantation (Parry et al., 2011). Genetic Heterogeneity of Telomere-Related Pulmonary Fibrosis and/or Bone Marrow FailureAlso see PFBMFT2 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the TERC gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 3q26; PFBMFT3 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the RTEL1 gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 20q13; and PFBMFT4 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the PARN gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 16p13.

• Neoplasm
• Anemia
• Thrombocytopenia
• Pneumonia
• Dyspnea

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Idiopathic CD4 lymphocytopenia is a rare primary immunodeficiency disorder characterized by persistent CD4 T-cell lymphopenia (less than 300 cells/µL on multiple occasions) not associated with any other underlying primary or secondary immune deficiency. Patients typically present opportunistic infections (with cryptococcal, mycobacterial, candidal, varicella zoster virus infections and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy being the most prevalent), malignancies (mainly lymphoproliferative disorders), or autoimmune disorders. Some individuals are asymptomatic and incidentally diagnosed.

IDIOPATHIC CD4 LYMPHOCYTOPENIA Is also known as icl|idiopathic cd4 lymphopenia

• Neoplasm
• Anemia
• Immunodeficiency
• Pneumonia
• Carcinoma

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Karyomegalic interstitial nephritis is a rare, genetic renal disease characterized by slowly progressive, chronic, tubulointerstitial nephritis, leading to end-stage renal disease before the age of 50 years, manifesting with mild proteinuria, glucosuria and, occasionally, urinary sediment abnormalities (mainly hematuria). Mild extrarenal manifestations, such as recurrent upper respiratory tract infections and abnormal liver function tests, may be associated. Renal biopsy reveals severe, chronic, interstitial fibrosis and tubular changes, as well as hallmark karyomegalic tubular epithelial cells which line the proximal and distal tubules and have enlarged, hyperchromatic nuclei.

KARYOMEGALIC INTERSTITIAL NEPHRITIS Is also known as kin|systemic karyomegaly

• Anemia
• Hypertension
• Renal insufficiency
• Recurrent infections
• Pneumonia

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Trimethylaminuria results from the abnormal presence of large amounts of volatile and malodorous trimethylamine within the body. This chemical, a tertiary aliphatic amine, is excreted in the urine, sweat (ichthyohidrosis), and breath, which take on the offensive odor of decaying fish (Mitchell, 1996).

TRIMETHYLAMINURIA; TMAU Is also known as fish-odor syndrome

• Anemia
• Hypertension
• Splenomegaly
• Depressivity
• Hyperhidrosis

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Congenital atransferrinemia is a very rare hematologic disease caused by a transferrin (TF) deficiency and characterized by microcytic, hypochromic anemia (manifesting with pallor, fatigue and growth retardation) and iron overload, and that can be fatal if left untreated.

CONGENITAL ATRANSFERRINEMIA Is also known as hypotransferrinemia, familial|congenital hypotransferrinemia

• Growth delay
• Anemia
• Hepatomegaly
• Fatigue
• Congestive heart failure

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MESH MENDELIAN

Specific granule deficiency-2 is an autosomal recessive immunologic disorder characterized by recurrent infections due to defective neutrophil development. Bone marrow findings include hypercellularity, abnormal megakaryocytes, and features of progressive myelofibrosis with blasts. The disorder is apparent from infancy, and most patients die in early childhood unless they undergo hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Some patients may have additional findings, including delayed development, mild dysmorphic features, and distal skeletal anomalies (summary by Witzel et al., 2017).For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of SGD, see SGD1 (OMIM ).

RECURRENT INFECTION DUE TO SPECIFIC GRANULE DEFICIENCY Is also known as neutrophil-specific granule deficiency

• Global developmental delay
• Anemia
• Abnormality of the skeletal system
• Diarrhea
• Recurrent infections

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN