Anemia, and Metabolic acidosis

• Seizures
• Anemia
• Hypertension
• Intrauterine growth retardation
• Ventricular septal defect

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

NEPHRONOPHTHISIS 2; NPHP2 Is also known as nph2

• Global developmental delay
• Anemia
• Hypertension
• Hepatomegaly
• Respiratory insufficiency

SOURCES: OMIM MESH MENDELIAN

Rolandic epilepsy (RE) is a focal childhood epilepsy characterized by seizures consisting of unilateral facial sensory-motor symptoms, with electroencephalogram (EEG) showing sharp biphasic waves over the rolandic region. It is an age-related epilepsy, with excellent outcome.

ROLANDIC EPILEPSY Is also known as becrs|bre|benign rolandic epilepsy|bects|centrotemporal epilepsy|benign epilepsy of childhood with centrotemporal spikes|benign familial epilepsy of childhood with rolandic spikes

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Microcephaly
• Abnormal facial shape

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Methylmalonic aciduria is a genetically heterogeneous disorder of methylmalonate and cobalamin (cbl; vitamin B12) metabolism. Different forms of isolated methylmalonic aciduria have been classified according to complementation groups of cells in vitro. Patients with defects in the synthesis of AdoCbl are usually responsive to vitamin B12 therapy and are classified as 'cbl' type: these include cblA and cblB (OMIM ), which is caused by mutation in the MMAB gene (OMIM ) on 12q24. See also cblH (OMIM ), which may be a subset of cblA. The 'mut' form of MMA (OMIM ) is caused by mutation in the MUT gene on chromosome 6p. In general, the mut form of MMA is unresponsive to vitamin B12 therapy.Combined methylmalonic aciduria and homocystinuria may be seen in complementation groups cblC (OMIM ), cblD (OMIM ), cblF (OMIM ), and cblJ (OMIM ).

VITAMIN B12-RESPONSIVE METHYLMALONIC ACIDEMIA TYPE CBLA Is also known as methylmalonic aciduria, vitamin b12-responsive, due to defect in synthesis of adenosylcobalamin, cbla type|vitamin b12-responsive methylmalonic aciduria type cbla|methylmalonic acidemia, cbla type

• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Failure to thrive
• Muscular hypotonia

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Methylmalonic aciduria is a genetically heterogeneous disorder of methylmalonate and cobalamin (cbl; vitamin B12) metabolism. Different forms of isolated methylmalonic aciduria have been classified according to complementation groups of cells in vitro. Patients with defects in the synthesis of AdoCbl are usually responsive to vitamin B12 therapy and are classified as 'cbl' type: these include cblB and cblA (OMIM ). The cblA type is caused by mutation in the MMAA gene (OMIM ). The 'mut' type (OMIM ) is caused by mutation in the MUT gene; in general, the mut form of MMA is unresponsive to vitamin B12 therapy.Combined methylmalonic aciduria and homocystinuria may be seen in complementation groups cblC (OMIM ), cblD (OMIM ), and cblF (OMIM ).

VITAMIN B12-RESPONSIVE METHYLMALONIC ACIDEMIA TYPE CBLB Is also known as vitamin b12-responsive methylmalonic aciduria, type cblb|methylmalonic acidemia, cblb type|methylmalonic aciduria, vitamin b12-responsive, due to defect in synthesis of adenosylcobalamin, cblb type

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Ataxia

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Combined immunodeficiency and megaloblastic anemia with or without hyperhomocysteinemia is an inborn error of folate metabolism due to deficiency of methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase-1. Manifestations may include hemolytic uremic syndrome, macrocytosis, epilepsy, hearing loss, retinopathy, mild mental retardation, lymphopenia involving all subsets, and low T-cell receptor excision circles. Folinic acid supplementation is an effective treatment (summary by Ramakrishnan et al., 2016).

COMBINED IMMUNODEFICIENCY AND MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA WITH OR WITHOUT HYPERHOMOCYSTEINEMIA; CIMAH Is also known as methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 1 deficiency

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Hearing impairment
• Sensorineural hearing impairment
• Anemia

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Glutathione synthetase deficiency, or 5-oxoprolinuria, is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized, in its severe form, by massive urinary excretion of 5-oxoproline, metabolic acidosis, hemolytic anemia, and central nervous system damage. The metabolic defect results in decreased levels of cellular glutathione, which overstimulates the synthesis of gamma-glutamylcysteine and its subsequent conversion to 5-oxoproline (Larsson and Anderson, 2001).

GLUTATHIONE SYNTHETASE DEFICIENCY WITH 5-OXOPROLINURIA Is also known as 5-oxoprolinuria|pyroglutamic aciduria

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Ataxia
• Spasticity

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric aciduria (3HMG) is an organic aciduria, due to deficiency of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA-lyase (a key enzyme in ketogenesis and leucine metabolism) usually presenting in infancy with episodes of metabolic decompensation triggered by periods of fasting or infections, which when left untreated are life-threatening and may lead to neurological sequelae.

3-HYDROXY-3-METHYLGLUTARIC ACIDURIA Is also known as hydroxymethylglutaric aciduria|hmg-coa lyase deficiency|3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coa lyase deficiency|hmgcl deficiency|hl deficiency

• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Spasticity
• Anemia

SOURCES: ORPHANET MESH OMIM MENDELIAN

Pyridoxal phosphate-responsive seizures is a very rare neonatal epileptic encephalopathy disorder characterized clinically by onset of severe seizures within hours of birth that are not responsive to anticonvulsants, but are responsive to treatment with pyridoxal phosphate.

PYRIDOXAL PHOSPHATE-RESPONSIVE SEIZURES Is also known as pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate oxidase deficiency|seizures, pyridoxine-resistant, plp-sensitive|pnpo deficiency|pyridoxal phosphate-dependent seizures|epileptic encephalopathy, neonatal, pnpo-related|pnpo-related neonatal epileptic encephalopathy|pyridoxamine

• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Microcephaly
• Failure to thrive
• Anemia

SOURCES: MESH OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Myopathy, lactic acidosis, and sideroblastic anemia-2 is an autosomal recessive disorder of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. The disorder shows marked phenotypic variability: some patients have a severe multisystem disorder from infancy, including cardiomyopathy and respiratory insufficiency resulting in early death, whereas others present in the second or third decade of life with sideroblastic anemia and mild muscle weakness (summary by Riley et al., 2013).For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of MLASA, see MLASA1 (OMIM ).

• Generalized hypotonia
• Scoliosis
• Growth delay
• Nystagmus
• Failure to thrive

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN