Abnormal facial shape, and Tapered finger

Optic atrophy-intellectual disability syndrome is a rare, hereditary, syndromic intellectual disability characterized by developmental delay, intellectual disability, and significant visual impairment due to optic nerve atrophy, optic nerve hypoplasia or cerebral visual impairment. Other common clinical signs and symptoms are hypotonia, oromotor dysfunction, seizures, autism spectrum disorder, and repetitive behaviors. Dysmorphic facial features are variable and nonspecific.

OPTIC ATROPHY-INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY SYNDROME Is also known as bbsoas|bosch-boonstra-schaaf optic atrophy syndrome

• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Nystagmus
• Strabismus

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Galloway-Mowat syndrome is a renal-neurologic disease characterized by early-onset nephrotic syndrome associated with microcephaly, gyral abnormalities, and delayed psychomotor development. Most patients have dysmorphic facial features, often including hypertelorism, ear abnormalities, and micrognathia. Other features, such as arachnodactyly and visual impairment, are more variable. Most patients die in the first years of life (summary by Braun et al., 2017).For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of GAMOS, see GAMOS1 (OMIM ).

• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia
• Microcephaly

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Acromegaloid facial appearance (AFA) syndrome is a multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome (see this term) with a probable autosomal dominant inheritance, characterized by a progressively coarse acromegaloid-like facial appearance with thickening of the lips and intraoral mucosa, large and doughy hands and, in some cases, developmental delay. AFA syndrome appears to be part of a phenotypic spectrum that includes hypertrichotic osteochondrodysplasia, Cantu type and hypertrichosis-acromegaloid facial appearance syndrome (see these terms).

ACROMEGALOID FACIAL APPEARANCE SYNDROME Is also known as afa syndrome|thick lips and oral mucosa

• Seizures
• Hypertelorism
• Micrognathia
• Intellectual disability, mild
• Coarse facial features

SOURCES: ORPHANET MENDELIAN

X-linked intellectual disability, Turner type is characterised by moderate to severe intellectual deficit in boys and moderate intellectual deficit in girls. It has been described in 14 members from four generations of one family. Macrocephaly was reported and holoprosencephaly may also be present (two family members). The mode of transmission is X-linked semi-dominant.

X-LINKED INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY, TURNER TYPE Is also known as mental retardation and macrocephaly syndrome

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Spasticity
• Flexion contracture

SOURCES: OMIM MESH ORPHANET MENDELIAN

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Microcephaly

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Intellectual disability-obesity-brain malformations-facial dysmorphism syndrome is a rare, syndromic intellectual disability primarily characterized by moderate to severe intellectual disability, true-to-relative microcephaly and brain abnormalities including a thin corpus callosum, cerebellar hypoplasia, cerebral white matter hypoplasia and multi-focal hyperintensity of cerebral white matter on MRI. Obesity and distinctive craniofacial dysmorphism (including brachycephaly, round face, straight eyebrows, synophrys, hypertelorism, epicanthus, wide and depressed nasal bridge, protruding ears with uplifted lobe, downslanting corners of the mouth) are additional features.

INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY-OBESITY-BRAIN MALFORMATIONS-FACIAL DYSMORPHISM SYNDROME Is also known as autosomal recessive intellectual disability due to trappc9 deficiency

• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Microcephaly
• Hypertelorism
• Abnormal facial shape

SOURCES: ORPHANET MENDELIAN

NEDMIAL is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by severely delayed psychomotor development and hypotonia apparent from early infancy, resulting in feeding difficulties, ataxic gait or inability to walk, minimal or absent speech development, and severe intellectual disability, often with behavioral abnormalities, such as hand-flapping. Additional common features may include sleep disorder, nonspecific dysmorphic facial features, and joint hyperlaxity (summary by Lessel et al., 2017).

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Hearing impairment

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

MRT61 is an autosomal recessive neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by delayed psychomotor development, moderate to severe intellectual disability, and variable dysmorphic facial features. More severely affected patients may develop refractory seizures and have brain abnormalities, including hypoplasia of the corpus callosum (summary by Alwadei et al., 2016).

MENTAL RETARDATION, AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE 61; MRT61 Is also known as alwadei syndrome

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Microcephaly

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Deletion 6q16 syndrome is a Prader-Willi like syndrome characterized by obesity, hyperphagia, hypotonia, small hands and feet, eye/vision anomalies, and global developmental delay.

6Q16 DELETION SYNDROME Is also known as del(6)(q16)|prader-willi-like syndrome due to deletion 6q16|monosomy 6q16

• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Microcephaly
• Hypertelorism
• Nystagmus

SOURCES: ORPHANET MENDELIAN