Abnormal facial shape, and Dysphagia

DYT4 type primary dystonia is characterized by predominantly laryngeal dystonia (manifesting as whispering dysphonia) and cervical dystonia (manifesting as torticollis).

PRIMARY DYSTONIA, DYT4 TYPE Is also known as dystonia musculorum deformans 4|whispering dysphonia, hereditary|dyt4|hereditary whispering dysphonia

• Gait disturbance
• Dysphagia
• Respiratory distress
• Dystonia
• Dementia

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Ataxia

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Noonan syndrome is a developmental disorder characterized by reduced postnatal growth, dysmorphic facial features, cardiac defects, and variable cognitive defects (summary by Sarkozy et al., 2009).

• Intellectual disability
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia
• Scoliosis
• Hypertelorism

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

TRISMUS-PSEUDOCAMPTODACTYLY SYNDROME Is also known as distal arthrogryposis type 7|hecht-beals syndrome|mouth, inability to open completely, and short finger-flexor tendons|trismus-pseudocamptodactyly syndrome|hecht syndrome|dutch-kentucky syndrome

• Short stature
• Micrognathia
• Abnormal facial shape
• Ptosis
• Feeding difficulties

SOURCES: OMIM MESH ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 13 (SCA13) is a very rare subtype of type I autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia (ADCA type I; see this term). It is characterized by onset in childhood marked by delayed motor and cognitive development followed by mild progression of cerebellar ataxia.

SPINOCEREBELLAR ATAXIA TYPE 13 Is also known as sca13

• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia
• Hearing impairment

SOURCES: ORPHANET MENDELIAN

HCFP3 is an autosomal recessive congenital cranial dysinnervation disorder characterized by isolated dysfunction of the seventh cranial nerve resulting in facial palsy. Additional features may include orofacial anomalies, such as smooth philtrum, lagophthalmos, swallowing difficulties, and dysarthria, as well as hearing loss. There is some phenotypic overlap with Moebius syndrome (see, e.g., {157900}), but patients with HCFP usually retain full eye motility or have esotropia without paralysis of the sixth cranial nerve (summary by Vogel et al., 2016).For a phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of hereditary congenital facial paresis, see {601471}.

• Hearing impairment
• Micrognathia
• Strabismus
• Sensorineural hearing impairment
• Abnormal facial shape

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Congenital myasthenic syndrome associated with AChR deficiency is a disorder of the postsynaptic neuromuscular junction (NMJ) clinically characterized by early-onset muscle weakness with variable severity. Electrophysiologic studies show low amplitude of the miniature endplate potential (MEPP) and current (MEPC) resulting from deficiency of AChR at the endplate. Patients with mutations in the CHRNE gene may have compensatory increased expression of the fetal subunit CHRNG (OMIM ) and may respond to treatment with cholinergic agents, pyridostigmine, or amifampridine (summary by Engel et al., 2015).For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of CMS, see CMS1A (OMIM ).

MYASTHENIC SYNDROME, CONGENITAL, 4C, ASSOCIATED WITH ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR DEFICIENCY; CMS4C Is also known as cms id, formerly|myasthenia, familial infantile, 1, formerly|myasthenic syndrome, congenital, type id|cms1d, formerly|fim1, formerly

• Generalized hypotonia
• Strabismus
• Muscle weakness
• Muscular hypotonia
• Ptosis

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Autosomal recessive SPG9B is a neurologic disorder characterized by early-onset complex spastic paraplegia. Affected individuals had delayed psychomotor development, intellectual disability, and severe motor impairment. More variable features include dysmorphic facial features, tremor, and urinary incontinence (summary by Coutelier et al., 2015).For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of autosomal recessive SPG, see SPG5A (OMIM ).

AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE SPASTIC PARAPLEGIA TYPE 9B Is also known as ar-spg9b

• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Microcephaly
• Growth delay

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is the most common mesenchymal neoplasm of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, typically presenting in adults over the age of 40 (mean age 63), and only rarely in children, in various regions of the GI tract, most commonly the stomach or small intestine but also less commonly in the esophagus, appendix, rectum and colon. GISTs can be asymptomatic or present with various non-specific signs, depending on the location and size of tumor, such as loss of appetite, anemia, weight loss, fatigue, abdominal discomfort or fullness, nausea, vomiting, as well as an abdominal mass, blood in stool, and intestinal obstruction. GISTs can also be seen in familial syndromes such as Carney triad and neurofibromatosis type 1.

GASTROINTESTINAL STROMAL TUMOR Is also known as gastrointestinal stromal sarcoma|gist

• Neoplasm
• Pain
• Anemia
• Fever
• Fatigue

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MESH MENDELIAN

MRD13 is an autosomal dominant form of mental retardation associated with variable neuronal migration defects resulting in cortical malformations. More variable features include early-onset seizures and mild dysmorphic features. Some patients may also show signs of peripheral neuropathy, such as abnormal gait, hyporeflexia, and foot deformities (summary by Willemsen et al., 2012 and Poirier et al., 2013).

MENTAL RETARDATION, AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT 13; MRD13 Is also known as mental retardation, autosomal dominant 13, with neuronal migration defects

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN