Lissencephaly 1; Lis1

Description

Lissencephaly (LIS), literally meaning smooth brain, is characterized by smooth or nearly smooth cerebral surface and a paucity of gyral and sulcal development, encompassing a spectrum of brain surface malformations ranging from complete agyria to subcortical band heterotopia (SBH). Classic lissencephaly is associated with an abnormally thick cortex, reduced or abnormal lamination, and diffuse neuronal heterotopia. SBH consists of circumferential bands of heterotopic neurons located just beneath the cortex and separated from it by a thin band of white matter. SBH represents the less severe end of the lissencephaly spectrum of malformations (Pilz et al., 1999, summary by Kato and Dobyns, 2003). Agyria, i.e., brain without convolutions or gyri, was considered a rare malformation until recent progress in neuroradiology (Bordarier et al., 1986). With this technical advantage, a number of lissencephaly syndromes have been distinguished.Classic lissencephaly (formerly type I) is a brain malformation caused by abnormal neuronal migration at 9 to 13 weeks' gestation, resulting in a spectrum of agyria, mixed agyria/pachygyria, and pachygyria. It is characterized by an abnormally thick and poorly organized cortex with 4 primitive layers, diffuse neuronal heterotopia, enlarged and dysmorphic ventricles, and often hypoplasia of the corpus callosum. (Lo Nigro et al., 1997).Kato and Dobyns (2003) presented a classification system for neuronal migration disorders based on brain imaging findings and molecular analysis. The authors also reviewed the contributions and interactions of the 5 genes then known to cause human lissencephaly: LIS1 or PAFAH1B1, 14-3-3-epsilon (YWHAE), DCX, RELN, and ARX. Genetic Heterogeneity of LissencephalyLissencephaly is a genetically heterogeneous disorder. See also LIS2 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the RELN gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 7q22; LIS3 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the TUBA1A gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 12q13; LIS4 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the NDE1 gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 16p13; LIS5 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the LAMB1 gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 7q; LIS6 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the KATNB1 gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 16q21; LIS7 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the CDK5 gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 7q36; and LIS8 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the TMTC3 gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 12q21.X-linked forms include LISX1 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the DCX gene (OMIM ) on chromosome Xq22.3-q23, and LISX2 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the ARX gene (OMIM ) on chromosome Xp22.3-p21.1.See also Miller-Dieker lissencephaly syndrome (MDLS ), a contiguous gene microdeletion syndrome involving chromosome 17p13 and including the PAFAH1B1 and YWHAE (OMIM ) genes. Lissencephaly caused by mutations in the PAFAH1B1 gene is also called 'isolated' lissencephaly to distinguish it from the accompanying features of MDLS.

Clinical Features

Top most frequent phenotypes and symptoms related to Lissencephaly 1; Lis1

  • Intellectual disability
  • Seizures
  • Global developmental delay
  • Generalized hypotonia
  • Microcephaly
  • Strabismus
  • Abnormal facial shape
  • Spasticity
  • Ventriculomegaly
  • Hypoplasia of the corpus callosum

And another 24 symptoms. If you need more information about this disease we can help you.

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Incidence and onset information

— Currently we don't have prevalence information about this disease (Not enough data available about incidence and published cases.)
No data available about the known clinical features onset.

Alternative names

Lissencephaly 1; Lis1 Is also known as lissencephaly, classic, ils, lissencephaly sequence, isolated.

Researches and researchers

Currently, we don't have any information about doctors, researches or researchers related to this disease. Please contact us if you would like to appear here.

Lissencephaly 1; Lis1 Recommended genes panels

Panel Name, Specifity and genes Tested/covered
Epilepsy Advanced Sequencing and CNV Evaluation - Developmental Brain Malformations.

By Athena Diagnostics Inc (United States).

SHH, STIL, SIX3, TUBA8, SLC25A19, DEAF1, ARFGEF2, RAB3GAP1, CENPJ, NDE1, FKRP, ARX, ASPM, POMGNT1, POMT2, TUBA1A, COL4A1, CPT2, WDR62, DCX , (...)

View the complete list with 20 more genes
Specificity
3 %
Genes
100 %
Epilepsy Advanced Sequencing and CNV Evaluation.

By Athena Diagnostics Inc (United States).

SCN1A, SCN1B, SCN2A, SCN3A, SCN5A, SCN8A, SCN9A, SHH, ST3GAL3, ST3GAL5, STIL, SIX3, SLC2A1, SLC35A2, SLC6A1, SLC6A8, SLC9A6, SMC1A, KDM5C, SMS , (...)

View the complete list with 214 more genes
Specificity
1 %
Genes
100 %
Syndromic Autism Panel.

By Greenwood Genetic Center Diagnostic Laboratories Greenwood Genetic Center (United States).

SCN1A, SCN2A, BRAF, SLC2A1, SLC9A6, SMC1A, KDM5C, CDKL5, STXBP1, TBR1, TCF4, MED12, TSC1, TSC2, UBE3A, HDAC8, CNTNAP2, FOXP2, CACNA1C, NSD1 , (...)

View the complete list with 63 more genes
Specificity
2 %
Genes
100 %
NGS Epilepsy/Seizure Panel.

By Greenwood Genetic Center Diagnostic Laboratories Greenwood Genetic Center (United States).

SCN1A, SCN1B, SCN2A, SCN5A, SCN8A, SCN9A, SHH, ST3GAL3, ST3GAL5, STIL, SIX3, SLC2A1, SLC35A2, SLC9A6, SNAP25, SPTAN1, CDKL5, STXBP1, SYN1, SYNGAP1 , (...)

View the complete list with 124 more genes
Specificity
1 %
Genes
100 %
Comprehensive Brain Malformation Panel.

By Knight Diagnostic Laboratories - Molecular Diagnostic Center Oregon Health & Science University (United States).

SHH, STIL, SIX3, SLC9A6, SOX2, CDKL5, TGIF1, MED12, CEP41, TUBA8, UBE3A, VLDLR, VRK1, ZIC2, ACTB, MRPS16, NSD1, RAB18, ACTG1, SLC25A19 , (...)

View the complete list with 86 more genes
Specificity
1 %
Genes
100 %
Epilepsy/Seizure.

By Knight Diagnostic Laboratories - Molecular Diagnostic Center Oregon Health & Science University (United States).

SCN1A, SCN1B, SCN2A, SCN8A, SCN9A, SLC2A1, SLC6A8, SLC9A6, BTD, SPTAN1, CDKL5, STXBP1, SYN1, TSC1, TSC2, UBE3A, CNTNAP2, CACNA1A, CACNB4, ARHGEF9 , (...)

View the complete list with 78 more genes
Specificity
2 %
Genes
100 %
Cerebral Cortical Deletion/Duplication Panel.

By Genetic Services Laboratory University of Chicago (United States).

TUBA8, VLDLR, ACTB, RAB18, ACTG1, RAB3GAP1, RAB3GAP2, FKRP, ARX, RTTN, POMGNT1, POMT2, TUBA1A, TUBB3, KIF1BP, WDR62, DCX, TUBB2B, FKTN, ADGRG1 , (...)

View the complete list with 6 more genes
Specificity
4 %
Genes
100 %
Cerebral Cortical Malformation Sequencing Panel.

By Genetic Services Laboratory University of Chicago (United States).

SNAP29, TUBA8, TUBB2A, TUBG1, VLDLR, ACTB, RAB18, ACTG1, B3GNT2, B4GAT1, CCND2, ARFGEF2, TBC1D20, RAB3GAP1, RAB3GAP2, NDE1, CDK5, FKRP, ARX, ATP6V0A2 , (...)

View the complete list with 34 more genes
Specificity
2 %
Genes
100 %

You can get up to 73 more panels with our dedicated tool

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Sources and references

You can check the following sources for additional information.

ORPHANET OMIM Rare Disease Symptoms Checker

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