Alzheimer Disease; Ad

Description

Alzheimer disease is the most common form of progressive dementia in the elderly. It is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the neuropathologic findings of intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) and extracellular amyloid plaques that accumulate in vulnerable brain regions (Sennvik et al., 2000). Terry and Davies (1980) pointed out that the 'presenile' form, with onset before age 65, is identical to the most common form of late-onset or 'senile' dementia, and suggested the term 'senile dementia of the Alzheimer type' (SDAT).Haines (1991) reviewed the genetics of AD. Selkoe (1996) reviewed the pathophysiology, chromosomal loci, and pathogenetic mechanisms of Alzheimer disease. Theuns and Van Broeckhoven (2000) reviewed the transcriptional regulation of the genes involved in Alzheimer disease. Genetic Heterogeneity of Alzheimer DiseaseAlzheimer disease is a genetically heterogeneous disorder. See also AD2 (OMIM ), associated with the APOE*4 allele (OMIM ) on chromosome 19; AD3 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the presenilin-1 gene (PSEN1 ) on 14q; and AD4 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the PSEN2 gene (OMIM ) on 1q31.There is evidence for additional AD loci on other chromosomes; see AD5 (OMIM ) on 12p11, AD6 (OMIM ) on 10q24, AD7 (OMIM ) on 10p13, AD8 (OMIM ) on 20p, AD9 (OMIM ), associated with variation in the ABCA7 gene (OMIM ) on 19p13, AD10 (OMIM ) on 7q36, AD11 (OMIM ) on 9q22, AD12 (OMIM ) on 8p12-q22, AD13 (OMIM ) on 1q21, AD14 (OMIM ) on 1q25, AD15 (OMIM ) on 3q22-q24, AD16 (OMIM ) on Xq21.3, AD17 (OMIM ) on 6p21.2, and AD18 (OMIM ), associated with variation in the ADAM10 gene (OMIM ) on 15q21.Evidence also suggests that mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms may be risk factors in Alzheimer disease (OMIM ).Finally, there have been associations between AD and various polymorphisms in other genes, including alpha-2-macroglobulin (A2M; {103950.0005}), low density lipoprotein-related protein-1 (LRP1 ), the transferrin gene (TF ), the hemochromatosis gene (HFE ), the NOS3 gene (OMIM ), the vascular endothelial growth factor gene (VEGF ), the ABCA2 gene (OMIM ), and the TNF gene (OMIM ) (see MOLECULAR GENETICS).

Clinical Features

Top most frequent phenotypes and symptoms related to Alzheimer Disease; Ad

  • Intellectual disability
  • Seizures
  • Spasticity
  • Cognitive impairment
  • Edema
  • Encephalopathy
  • Dementia
  • Myoclonus
  • Aggressive behavior
  • Mental deterioration

And another 14 symptoms. If you need more information about this disease we can help you.

Click here to know more about Mendelian.

Incidence and onset information

— Currently we don't have prevalence information about this disease (Not enough data available about incidence and published cases.)
No data available about the known clinical features onset.

Alternative names

Alzheimer Disease; Ad Is also known as presenile and senile dementia.

Researches and researchers

Currently, we don't have any information about doctors, researches or researchers related to this disease. Please contact us if you would like to appear here.

Alzheimer Disease; Ad Recommended genes panels

Panel Name, Specifity and genes Tested/covered
MitoMet®Plus aCGH Analysis.

By Baylor Miraca Genetics Laboratories (United States).

RGS9, RHO, GRK1, RLBP1, RNASEL, BCS1L, RP1, RP2, RP9, RPE65, RPGR, RPL35A, MRPL3, RPS14, RS1, SAG, SARDH, SCO2, SCP2, SDHB , (...)

View the complete list with 612 more genes
Specificity
1 %
Genes
8 %
ADmark® APP DNA Sequencing/Duplication Test.

By Athena Diagnostics Inc (United States).

APP
Specificity
100 %
Genes
8 %
ADmark® Early Onset Alzheimer's Evaluation.

By Athena Diagnostics Inc (United States).

APP, PSEN1, PSEN2
Specificity
34 %
Genes
8 %
Dementia.

By Knight Diagnostic Laboratories - Molecular Diagnostic Center Oregon Health & Science University (United States).

SORL1, TARDBP, VCP, FIG4, OPTN, TREM2, CSF1R, CHMP2B, DCTN1, C9orf72, FUS, ALS2, SETX, GRN, ANG, APOE, APP, MAPT, PRNP, PSEN1 , (...)

View the complete list with 1 more genes
Specificity
15 %
Genes
22 %
APOE, APP, PSEN1, PSEN2. NextGeneDx.Complete sequencing by NGS.

By Instituto de Medicina Genomica Instituto de Medicina Genomica (Spain).

APOE, APP, PSEN1, PSEN2
Specificity
50 %
Genes
15 %
APP. Complete sequencing.

By Instituto de Medicina Genomica Instituto de Medicina Genomica (Spain).

APP
Specificity
100 %
Genes
8 %
, APP. Complete sequencing.

By Instituto de Medicina Genomica Instituto de Medicina Genomica (Spain).

APP
Specificity
100 %
Genes
8 %
APP. MLPA testing.

By Instituto de Medicina Genomica Instituto de Medicina Genomica (Spain).

APP
Specificity
100 %
Genes
8 %

You can get up to 268 more panels with our dedicated tool

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Sources and references

You can check the following sources for additional information.

OMIM Genetic Syndrome Finder

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