Delayed speech and language development, and Dolichocephaly

Medium match MENTAL RETARDATION, AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE 15; MRT15

• Autosomal recessive inheritance
• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Microcephaly

SOURCES: UMLS MONDO OMIM

Medium match MACROCEPHALY/MEGALENCEPHALY SYNDROME, AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE; MGCPH

Macrocephaly refers to an abnormally enlarged head inclusive of the scalp, cranial bones, and intracranial contents. Macrocephaly may be due to megalencephaly (true enlargement of the brain parenchyma), and the 2 terms are often used interchangeably in the genetic literature (reviews by Olney, 2007 and Williams et al., 2008). Autosomal recessive macrocephaly/megalencephaly syndrome is characterized by an enlarged cranium apparent at birth or in early childhood. Affected individuals have intellectual disability and may have dysmorphic facial features resulting from the macrocephaly (summary by Alfaiz et al., 2014).

• Autosomal recessive inheritance
• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Cognitive impairment

SOURCES: OMIM UMLS MONDO MESH GARD

Medium match MENTAL RETARDATION, AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE 61; MRT61

MRT61 is an autosomal recessive neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by delayed psychomotor development, moderate to severe intellectual disability, and variable dysmorphic facial features. More severely affected patients may develop refractory seizures and have brain abnormalities, including hypoplasia of the corpus callosum (summary by Alwadei et al., 2016).

MENTAL RETARDATION, AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE 61; MRT61 Is also known as alwadei syndrome

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Microcephaly

SOURCES: UMLS MONDO OMIM DOID

Medium match MENTAL RETARDATION, AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT 31; MRD31

PURA-related severe neonatal hypotonia-seizures-encephalopathy syndrome due to a point mutation is a rare, genetic neurological disease, with a highly variable phenotype, typically characterized by neonatal hypotonia, respiratory and feeding difficulties, global development delay (often with nonverbal and frequently non-ambulatory progression) and myopathic facies. Other frequently present features include seizures (or seizure-like episodes), visual impairment and encephalopathy.

MENTAL RETARDATION, AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT 31; MRD31 Is also known as ;

• Autosomal dominant inheritance
• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia

SOURCES: ORPHANET DOID OMIM MONDO UMLS

Medium match 6Q TERMINAL DELETION SYNDROME

6q terminal deletion syndrome is marked by a characteristic facial dysmorphism, short neck and psychomotor retardation, generally associated with a range of non-specific malformations.

• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Scoliosis
• Hypertelorism
• Nystagmus

SOURCES: ORPHANET

Medium match GREIG CEPHALOPOLYSYNDACTYLY SYNDROME; GCPS

Greig cephalopolysyndactyly syndrome is characterized by frontal bossing, scaphocephaly, and hypertelorism associated with pre- and postaxial polydactyly and variable syndactyly. The phenotype shows variable expressivity and can also include craniosynostosis. Affected individuals usually have normal psychomotor development (summary by Gorlin et al., 2001).

GREIG CEPHALOPOLYSYNDACTYLY SYNDROME; GCPS Is also known as polysyndactyly with peculiar skull shape;gcps

• Autosomal dominant inheritance
• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Hypertelorism

SOURCES: NCIT ORPHANET UMLS OMIM DOID MONDO MESH GARD SCTID

Medium match PEROXISOME BIOGENESIS DISORDER 1B; PBD1B

Peroxisome biogenesis disorder-1B (PBD1B) is characterized by the overlapping phenotypes of neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy (NALD) and infantile Refsum disease (IRD), which represent the milder manifestations of the Zellweger syndrome spectrum (ZSS) of peroxisome biogenesis disorders (PBDs). Initial presentation and natural history varies, with many children presenting as newborns, whereas others do not come to attention until later. Most affected children have hypotonia, but unlike Zellweger syndrome (see PBD1A, {214100}) there is a degree of psychomotor development, and some patients achieve head control, sit unsupported, and may even walk independently. Many can communicate, and although language is rare, there have been children who have near normal language for age. Craniofacial anomalies are similar to but less pronounced than in Zellweger syndrome. In some individuals a leukodystrophy develops, with degeneration of myelin, loss of previously acquired skills, and development of spasticity; this may stabilize, or progress and be fatal. In PBD1B, the most common manifestations that are less apparent in ZS are sensorineural hearing loss and retinitis pigmentosa (summary by Steinberg et al., 2006). While Zellweger syndrome usually results in death in the first year of life, children with the NALD presentation may reach their teens, and those with the IRD presentation may reach adulthood (summary by Waterham and Ebberink, 2012).Individuals with mutations in the PEX1 gene have cells of complementation group 1 (CG1, equivalent to CGE). For information on the history of PBD complementation groups, see {214100}. Genetic Heterogeneity of Peroxisome Biogenesis Disorder NALD/IRDThe phenotypic spectrum of NALD/IRD peroxisome biogenesis disorders can be caused by mutation in members of the peroxin (PEX) gene family. The PEX genes encode proteins essential for the assembly of functional peroxisomes (summary by Distel et al., 1996). PBD1B is caused by mutation in the PEX1 gene on chromosome 7q21; PBD2B (OMIM ) is caused by mutation in the PEX5 gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 12p13.3; PBD3B (OMIM ) is caused by mutation in the PEX12 gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 17; PBD4B (OMIM ) is caused by mutation in the PEX6 gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 6p21.1; PBD5B (OMIM ) is caused by mutation in the PEX2 gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 8q21.1; PBD6B (OMIM ) is caused by mutation in the PEX10 gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 1p36.32; PBD7B (OMIM )is caused by mutation in the PEX26 gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 22q11.21; PBD8B (OMIM ) is caused by mutation in the PEX16 gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 11p11; PDB10B (OMIM ) is caused by mutation in the PEX3 gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 6q24; and PBD11B (OMIM ) is caused by mutation in the PEX13 gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 2p15.See PBD1A (OMIM ) for a phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of Zellweger syndrome, which is also caused by mutation in peroxin genes. The rhizomelic chondrodysplasia subtype of PBD (RCDP1, PBD9; {215100}), and a mild PBD without rhizomelia (PBD9B ), are caused by mutation in the PEX7 gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 6q23.

PEROXISOME BIOGENESIS DISORDER 1B; PBD1B Is also known as peroxisome biogenesis disorder (neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy/infantile refsum disease), peroxisome biogenesis disorder (nald/ird), adrenoleukodystrophy, autosomal neonatal, refsum disease, infantile, infantile phytanic acid storage disease;ird

• Autosomal recessive inheritance
• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM

Medium match MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY-DYSTROGLYCANOPATHY (CONGENITAL WITH BRAIN AND EYE ANOMALIES), TYPE A, 4; MDDGA4

MDDGA4 is a severe autosomal recessive muscular dystrophy-dystroglycanopathy with characteristic brain and eye malformations, seizures, and mental retardation. Cardiac involvement in FCMD/MEB occurs in the second decade of life in those who survive. FKTN-related Walker-Warburg syndrome is a more severe manifestation of the disorder, with death usually in the first year of life. These entities are part of a group of similar disorders resulting from defective glycosylation of alpha-dystroglycan (DAG1 ), collectively known as 'dystroglycanopathies' (Godfrey et al., 2007; Muntoni and Voit, 2004; Muntoni et al., 2008).For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of muscular dystrophy-dystroglycanopathy type A, see MDDGA1 (OMIM ).

MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY-DYSTROGLYCANOPATHY (CONGENITAL WITH BRAIN AND EYE ANOMALIES), TYPE A, 4; MDDGA4 Is also known as fukuyama congenital muscular dystrophy;fcmd, walker-warburg syndrome or muscle-eye-brain disease, fktn-related;fcmd; fukuyama congenital muscular dystrophy

• Autosomal recessive inheritance
• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia

SOURCES: MONDO UMLS SCTID ORPHANET DOID NCIT OMIM

Medium match WIEDEMANN-STEINER SYNDROME; WDSTS

Wiedemann-Steiner syndrome is a rare, genetic multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome characterized by short stature, hypertrichosis cubiti, facial dysmorphism (hypertelorism, long eyelashes, thick eyebrows, downslanted, vertically narrow, long palpebral fissures, wide nasal bridge, broad nasal tip, long philtrum), developmental delay, and mild to moderate intellectual disability. It has a variable clinical phenotype with additional manifestations reported including muscular hypotonia, patent ductus arteriosus, small hands and feet, hypertrichosis on the back, behavioral difficulties, and seizures.

WIEDEMANN-STEINER SYNDROME; WDSTS Is also known as hairy elbows, short stature, facial dysmorphism, and developmental delay;hypertrichosis-short stature-facial dysmorphism-developmental delay syndrome

• Autosomal dominant inheritance
• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature

SOURCES: GARD ORPHANET MONDO UMLS MESH OMIM

Medium match MENTAL RETARDATION, X-LINKED, SYNDROMIC, 35; MRXS35

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Pica

SOURCES: DOID OMIM UMLS MONDO