Delayed speech and language development, and Babinski sign

High match SPASTIC ATAXIA 4, AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE; SPAX4

SPASTIC ATAXIA 4, AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE; SPAX4 Is also known as ;autosomal recessive spastic ataxia type 4; spax4

• Autosomal recessive inheritance
• Ataxia
• Nystagmus
• Motor delay
• Delayed speech and language development

SOURCES: ORPHANET UMLS DOID GARD OMIM MONDO

High match MENTAL RETARDATION, X-LINKED, SYNDROMIC, HEDERA TYPE; MRXSH

X-linked intellectual disability, Hedera type is a rare X-linked intellectual disability syndrome characterized by an onset in infancy of delayed motor and speech milestones, generalized tonic-clonic seizures and drop attacks, and mild to moderate intellectual disability. Additional, less common manifestations include scoliosis, ataxia (resulting in progressive gait disturbance), and bilateral pes planovalgus. Physical appearance is normal with no dysmorphic features reported.

MENTAL RETARDATION, X-LINKED, SYNDROMIC, HEDERA TYPE; MRXSH Is also known as mental retardation, x-linked, with epilepsy;mrxe;mrxsh

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Scoliosis
• Motor delay

SOURCES: ORPHANET MESH DOID MONDO OMIM UMLS

High match SPINOCEREBELLAR ATAXIA 35; SCA35

Spinocerebellar ataxia-35 is an autosomal dominant adult-onset neurologic disorder characterized by difficulty walking due to cerebellar ataxia. The age at onset ranges from teenage years to late adulthood, and the disorder is slowly progressive. Additional features may include hand tremor, dysarthria, hyperreflexia, and saccadic eye movements (summary by Guo et al., 2014).

SPINOCEREBELLAR ATAXIA 35; SCA35 Is also known as ;sca35

• Autosomal dominant inheritance
• Intellectual disability
• Ataxia
• Nystagmus
• Peripheral neuropathy

SOURCES: ORPHANET DOID OMIM SCTID GARD UMLS MONDO

High match LEUKOENCEPHALOPATHY WITH BRAINSTEM AND SPINAL CORD INVOLVEMENT AND LACTATE ELEVATION; LBSL

Leukoencephalopathy with brainstem and spinal cord involvement and lactate elevation (LBSL) is defined on the basis of a highly characteristic constellation of abnormalities observed by magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy (Scheper et al., 2007). Affected individuals develop slowly progressive cerebellar ataxia, spasticity, and dorsal column dysfunction, sometimes with a mild cognitive deficit or decline.

LEUKOENCEPHALOPATHY WITH BRAINSTEM AND SPINAL CORD INVOLVEMENT AND LACTATE ELEVATION; LBSL Is also known as mitochondrial aspartyl-trna synthetase deficiency;lbsl; leukoencephalopathy with brain stem and spinal cord involvement-lactate elevation syndrome

• Autosomal recessive inheritance
• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Generalized hypotonia
• Ataxia

SOURCES: MONDO UMLS MESH ORPHANET GARD SCTID OMIM

High match SPINOCEREBELLAR ATAXIA, AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE 12; SCAR12

Autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia-epilepsy-intellectual disability syndrome due to WWOX deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia-epilepsy-intellectual disability syndrome characterized by early-childhood onset of cerebellar ataxia associated with generalized tonic-clonic epilepsy and psychomotor development delay, dysarthria, gaze-evoked nystagmus and learning disability. Other features in some patients include upper motor neuron signs with leg spasticity and extensor plantar responses, and mild cerebellar atrophy on brain MRI.

SPINOCEREBELLAR ATAXIA, AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE 12; SCAR12 Is also known as spinocerebellar ataxia with mental retardation and epilepsy;autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia type 12; scar12

• Autosomal recessive inheritance
• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Microcephaly

SOURCES: MONDO ORPHANET UMLS OMIM DOID

High match SPASTIC TETRAPLEGIA, THIN CORPUS CALLOSUM, AND PROGRESSIVE MICROCEPHALY; SPATCCM

Spastic tetraplegia, thin corpus callosum, and progressive microcephaly is an autosomal recessive neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by onset of those features and severely impaired global development in early infancy. Most patients are unable to achieve independent walking or speech; some patients have seizures (summary by Srour et al., 2015 and Heimer et al., 2015).

SPASTIC TETRAPLEGIA, THIN CORPUS CALLOSUM, AND PROGRESSIVE MICROCEPHALY; SPATCCM Is also known as ;asct1 deficiency; spastic quadriplegia-thin corpus callosum-progressive postnatal microcephaly syndrome

• Autosomal recessive inheritance
• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia

SOURCES: ORPHANET MONDO OMIM UMLS

High match PARKINSON DISEASE 1, AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT; PARK1

Parkinson disease is the second most common neurogenic disorder after Alzheimer disease (AD ), affecting approximately 1% of the population over age 50. Clinical manifestations include resting tremor, muscular rigidity, bradykinesia, and postural instability. Additional features are characteristic postural abnormalities, dysautonomia, dystonic cramps, and dementia (Polymeropoulos et al., 1996).For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of Parkinson disease, see {168600}.

PARKINSON DISEASE 1, AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT; PARK1 Is also known as parkinson disease 1, autosomal dominant lewy body

• Autosomal dominant inheritance
• Pica
• Spasticity
• Delayed speech and language development
• Hyperreflexia

SOURCES: DOID UMLS OMIM MESH MONDO

High match CEREBELLAR ATAXIA, MENTAL RETARDATION, AND DYSEQUILIBRIUM SYNDROME 1; CAMRQ1

This form of autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia is characterized by congenital onset of nonprogressive cerebellar ataxia, disturbed equilibrium, and mental retardation, associated with cerebellar hypoplasia (Schurig et al., 1981; Glass et al., 2005). Genetic Heterogeneity of CAMRQCAMRQ is a genetically heterogeneous disorder. See also CAMRQ2 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the WDR81 gene (614218) on chromosome 17p; CAMRQ3 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the CA8 gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 8q11; and CAMRQ4 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the ATP8A2 gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 13q12.

CEREBELLAR ATAXIA, MENTAL RETARDATION, AND DYSEQUILIBRIUM SYNDROME 1; CAMRQ1 Is also known as cerebellar hypoplasia, vldlr-associated, cerebellar ataxia and mental retardation with or without quadrupedal locomotion 1, cerebellar ataxia, congenital, and mental retardation, autosomal recessive, dysequilibrium syndrome;des;camrq syndrome; cerebellar ataxia-intellectual disability-dysequilibrium syndrome syndrome; non-progressive cerebellar ataxia-intellectual disability syndrome

• Autosomal recessive inheritance
• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature

SOURCES: UMLS ORPHANET MONDO OMIM SCTID

High match SEGAWA SYNDROME, AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE

Segawa syndrome is an autosomal recessive neurologic disorder characterized by onset in infancy of dopa-responsive dystonia. There are 2 main phenotypes: one is a severe complex encephalopathy apparent in the perinatal period, with diurnal fluctuations and autonomic disturbances, and the other shows a less severe course with onset in the first year of life of a progressive hypokinetic-rigid syndrome and generalized dystonia. The less severe type shows a better response to levodopa compared to the more severe type (summary by Stamelou et al., 2012).See also infantile parkinsonism-dystonia syndrome (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the SLC6A3 gene (OMIM ).

SEGAWA SYNDROME, AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE Is also known as parkinsonism, infantile, autosomal recessive, dystonia, dopa-responsive, autosomal recessive, dopa-responsive dystonia, autosomal recessive, tyrosine hydroxylase deficiency;autosomal recessive segawa syndrome; dyt5b; tyrosine hydroxylase deficiency; tyrosine hydroxylase-deficient dopa-responsive dystonia

• Autosomal recessive inheritance
• Generalized hypotonia
• Pica
• Ataxia
• Motor delay

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET

High match HYPERMANGANESEMIA WITH DYSTONIA 2; HMNDYT2

Hypermanganesemia with dystonia-2 is an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder characterized predominantly by loss of motor milestones in the first years of life. Affected individuals then develop rapidly progressive abnormal movements, including dystonia, spasticity, bulbar dysfunction, and variable features of parkinsonism, causing loss of ambulation. Cognition may be impaired, but is better preserved than motor function. The disorder results from abnormal accumulation of manganese (Mn), which is toxic to neurons. Chelation therapy, if started early, may provide clinical benefit (summary by Tuschl et al., 2016).For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of HMNDYT, see HMNDYT1 (OMIM ).

• Autosomal recessive inheritance
• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Scoliosis

SOURCES: UMLS MONDO OMIM